Incidence and Risk Factors for Retinal Detachment and Retinal Tear after Cataract Surgery: IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) Analysis

Objective To report the incidence of and evaluate demographic, ocular comorbidities, and intraoperative factors for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and retinal tear (RT) after cataract surgery in the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants Patients aged ≥ 40 years who underwent cataract surgery between 2014 and 2017. Methods Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate demographic, comorbidity, and intraoperative factors associated with RRD and RT after cataract surgery. Main Outcome Measures Incidence and risk factors for RRD or RT within 1 year of cataract surgery. Results Of the 3 177 195 eyes of 1 983 712 patients included, 6690 (0.21%) developed RRD and 5489 (0.17%) developed RT without RRD within 1 year after cataract surgery. Multivariable logistic regression odds ratios (ORs) showed increased risk of RRD and RT, respectively, among men (OR 3.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.99–3.32; P \u3c 0.001 and 1.79; 95% CI, 1.70–1.89; P \u3c 0.001), and younger ages compared with patients aged \u3e 70, peaking at age 40 to 50 for RRD (8.61; 95% CI, 7.74–9.58; P \u3c 0.001) and age 50 to 60 for RT (2.74; 95% CI, 2.52–2.98; P \u3c 0.001). Increased odds of RRD were observed for procedure eyes with lattice degeneration (LD) (10.53; 95% CI, 9.82–11.28; P \u3c 0.001), hypermature cataract (1.61; 95% CI, 1.06–2.45; P = 0.03), complex cataract surgery (1.52; 95% CI, 1.4–1.66; P \u3c 0.001), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) (1.24; 95% CI, 1.15–1.34; P \u3c 0.001), and high myopia (1.2; 95% CI, 1.14–1.27; P \u3c 0.001). Lattice degeneration conferred the highest odds of RT (43.86; 95% CI, 41.39–46.49; P \u3c 0.001). Conclusion In the IRIS Registry, RRD occurs in approximately 1 in 500 cataract surgeries in patients aged \u3e 40 years within 1 year of surgery. The presence of LD conferred the highest odds for RRD and RT after surgery. Additional risk factors for RRD included male gender, younger age, hypermature cataract, PVD, and high myopia. These data may be useful during the informed consent process for cataract surgery and help identify patients at a higher risk of retinal complications. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article

Volatile hydrocarbon emissions from a diesel fuel contaminated soil bioremediation facility

Focuses on volatile hydrocarbon emissions from a diesel fuel-contaminated soil bioremediation facility. Health concerns regarding emissions of volatile hydrocarbons from bioremediation facilities; Information on a two-part field study that was conducted over summer 1996 at a remote landfarm in northern Ontario to study the impact of bioremediation facilities on the atmospheric environment; Technique used for volatile total hydrocarbon atmospheric flux measurements.12 page(s

A Micrometeorological technique to monitor hydrocarbon emissions from landfarms to the atmosphere

Landfarming is used to treat petroleum hydrocarbon–contaminated soils and a variety of waste streams from industrial operations. Wastes are applied to a soil surface and indigenous soil microorganisms utilize the hydrocarbons in the applied waste as a carbon source for metabolism, thereby biodegrading the applied material. Concerns have been expressed that abiotic losses, such as volatilization, play a significant role in hydrocarbon reduction within the soil. To assist in better defining atmospheric releases of total hydrocarbons from landfarms treating petroleum hydrocarbons, a flux gradient micrometeorological approach was developed and integrated with a custom-built total hydrocarbon detector, and a novel air sampling system and averaging algorithm. The micrometeorological technique offers unobtrusive spatially averaged real-time continuous measurements, thereby providing a time history of emissions. This provides opportunities to investigate mechanisms controlling emissions and to evaluate landfarm management strategies. The versatility of the technique is illustrated through measurements performed at a remote landfarm used to treat diesel fuel–contaminated soil in northern Ontario and during routine operations at two active refinery landfarms in southwestern Ontario.10 page(s

Incidence and Risk Factors for Retinal Detachment and Retinal Tear after Cataract Surgery

Objective: To report the incidence of and evaluate demographic, ocular comorbidities, and intraoperative factors for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and retinal tear (RT) after cataract surgery in the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Participants: Patients aged ≥ 40 years who underwent cataract surgery between 2014 and 2017. Methods: Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate demographic, comorbidity, and intraoperative factors associated with RRD and RT after cataract surgery. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence and risk factors for RRD or RT within 1 year of cataract surgery. Results: Of the 3 177 195 eyes of 1 983 712 patients included, 6690 (0.21%) developed RRD and 5489 (0.17%) developed RT without RRD within 1 year after cataract surgery. Multivariable logistic regression odds ratios (ORs) showed increased risk of RRD and RT, respectively, among men (OR 3.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.99–3.32; P 70, peaking at age 40 to 50 for RRD (8.61; 95% CI, 7.74–9.58; P 40 years within 1 year of surgery. The presence of LD conferred the highest odds for RRD and RT after surgery. Additional risk factors for RRD included male gender, younger age, hypermature cataract, PVD, and high myopia. These data may be useful during the informed consent process for cataract surgery and help identify patients at a higher risk of retinal complications. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article

Expert Performance in Visual Differentiation of Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis

This study quantifies the performance of an international cohort of cornea specialists in image-based differentiation of bacterial and fungal keratitis, identifying significant regional variation and establishing a reference standard for comparison against machine learning models