2008/09 U.S. Sugar Supply and Use

Crop Production/Industries,

U.S. IMPORTS OF CANADIAN WHEAT: ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF THE U.S. EXPORT ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM

It is hypothesized that the U.S. Export Enhancement Program (EEP) has had a role in increased U.S. imports of Canadian wheat. Using a set of world wheat models that differentiate wheat according to class and source, several conclusions concerning the role of EEP are reached. Over the period 1986-1993, EEP has been accountable for 40 to 48 percent of the yearly growth in U.S. imports of Canadian wheat. EEP subsidies in 1991/92 to China and Brazil caused significant diversion of Canadian wheat that would have been destined for those markets instead to the U.S. market. Further, it is argued that a quota on imports is not likely to have price-enhancing effects for U.S. wheat.Canada, export enhancement program, wheat, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade,

MEASURING THE EFFECT OF INCREASED HORTICULTURAL IMPORTS: AN APPLICATION TO WINTER VEGETABLES

This report describes and applies a methodology to measure the impact of increased horticultural imports on U.S. vegetable producers. The methodology is applied to a hypothetical surge in winter vegetable imports. The paper describes how Florida winter vegetables could be affected by both short-term and long-term changes in import availabilities.Florida, imports, Mexico, trade model, winter vegetables, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,

2009/10 U.S. Sugar Supply and Use

Crop Production/Industries,

2010/11 U.S. SUGAR SUPPLY AND USE

Crop Production/Industries,

The Export Enhancement Program: Prospects Under the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

According to provisions of the 1990 U.S. farm bill, the export enhancement program (EEP) will continue to be an important instrument in promoting U.S. agricultural exports and in challenging subsidizing competitors, like the European Community (EC), with funding levels set at a minimum of $500 million annually through 1995. This research, whose purpose is to evaluate the likely effectiveness of the wheat EEP through 1995, reaches several conclusions: (1) the EEP will have a significant effect on U.S. wheat exports, but will be subject to diminishing returns at levels higher than the annual minimums; and (2) the EC will only be marginally affected by the EEP, that is, it can effectively counter the effects of the EEP at low cost.export subsidies, export enhancement program, agricultural trade, simulation model, wheat, coarse grains, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade,

Partial Reform of World Rice Trade: Implications for the U.S. Rice Sector

This paper analyzes the consequences for the United States of a partial reform of world rice trade. It is argued that likely trade reform would occur in the japonica rice producing countries of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the European Community. Multilateral rice trade liberalization would have strong effects for medium grain rice in the United States. The strength of these effects might not be felt for a couple of years after the liberalization has begun because of minimal Japanese imports in the first couple of years of liberalization. U.S. rice millers will likely benefit more than producers. California producers would be the major beneficiaries of more open world rice markets.trade liberalization, rice, japonica rice, agricultural trade, simulation model, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,

ENVIRONMENTAL AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY LINKAGES IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY: THE NITRATE PROBLEM AND CAP REFORM

Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy,

Wheat Cleaning and its Effect on U.S. Wheat Exports

This analysis shows that there could be net gains to the U.S. wheat industry if all U.S. export wheat were to be cleaned to a dockage level between 0.35 to 0.40 percent. These results are based on survey results of major importers of U.S. wheat, and a model of world wheat trade. Larger benefits to the U.S. wheat industry would be possible from cleaning only wheat destined to countries that demand higher quality U.S. wheat. However, these gains in export revenue from selling cleaner wheat could be offset if other exporters, especially Canada, responded in ways that would maintain their market share.wheat, grain quality, trade model, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,

Harvesting Planck radiation for free-space optical communications in the LWIR band

We demonstrate a free-space optical communication link with an optical transmitter that harvests naturally occurring Planck radiation from a warm body and modulates the emitted intensity. The transmitter exploits an electro-thermo-optic effect in a multilayer graphene device that electrically controls the surface emissivity of the device resulting in control of the intensity of the emitted Planck radiation. We design an amplitude-modulated optical communication scheme and provide a link budget for communications data rate and range based on our experimental electro-optic characterization of the transmitter. Finally, we present an experimental demonstration achieving error-free communications at 100 bits per second over laboratory scales