FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, DETERMINANTS AND POLICY ANALYSIS: CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN

The objective of this study is to understand the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows and to quantify relevant policy shocks in dynamic econometric model for Pakistan economy. The study has highlighted the degree of attraction of cost related factors, investment environment factors, development strategy factors with ownership and internalization factors and other risk factors of recent FDI flows to Pakistan economy. The results show the investment environment improving factors-openness is statistically significant in short-run. While long run dynamics between FDI, openness and macro economic factors show consistency with short run results. The stable macro economic indicators, country’s risk profile followed by cost related and investment environment improving factors are real determinants to attract FDI.

I-Fintech adoption readinesss

Various studies show information technology can beneficially apply to enhance financial services. The merger of Fintech, based on the Islamic law, creates the concept of Islamic Fintech (I-Fintech). The growing investment and numerous startups across Islamic Fintech offer financial innovation evidence of the importance of I-Fintech. Many governments support I-Fintech growth through investments and supporting startups. Pakistan, an Islamic country, is experiencing evolutionary changes in Fintech adoption. This I-Fintech adoption can engage governments, companies and firms across the Islamic world. Eighty five percent (85%) of Pakistan’s population lack financial services. Hence, financial inclusion is a dominant problem of Pakistan. To date, few I-Fintech companies or firms operate in Pakistan. These are limited to big cities like Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore. To date lack of investment has restricted I-Fintech growth processes. Thus, a demand for local corporate and firm engagement is desirable to capture full advantages across the Fintech sector. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for adoption of I-Fintech across Pakistan. It proposes Islamic Fintech challenges and risk affect intention to adopt I-Fintech in Pakistan. Intention to adopt I-Fintech technology contains the constructs of technical literacy, financial literacy, digital literacy and social acceptance. Tis study’s next stage is to measure and model competitiveness position of Pakistan’s Islamic financial institutions (by gauging their resultant collective intelligences position)

Economic rationale, trade impact and extent of antidumping – case study of Pakistan

This paper has analyzed the economic and political justification, trade impact and extent of antidumping measures initiated by Pakistan. Screening models for anti-predatory behaviour, Herfindahl-Hireshmann Index (HHI) for concentration and descriptive statistical measures used to testify the Anti dumping (AD) behaviour, determinants and spread impact. The results are consistent with the earlier literature that AD duties create trade reduction and diversion. It is evident from the results in half of the cases studied that an economic rationale has been followed in the application of AD (Anti-dumping) duties in Pakistan. Although the number of AD cases is limited, Pakistan has emerged as one of the intensive users of AD, relative to its total import share. It is also evident from the fact that intensive use of AD reduces trade and increases trade barriers, similarly, trade diversion reduces the chances of trade reduction. The key message emerging from this research is that trade diversion persists and in some cases trade diversion is substantial and it offsets the effect of AD measures on named countries to the benefit of non-named countries

Economic rationale, trade impact and extent of antidumping – case study of Pakistan

This paper has analyzed the economic and political justification, trade impact and extent of antidumping measures initiated by Pakistan. Screening models for anti-predatory behaviour, Herfindahl-Hireshmann Index (HHI) for concentration and descriptive statistical measures used to testify the Anti dumping (AD) behaviour, determinants and spread impact. The results are consistent with the earlier literature that AD duties create trade reduction and diversion. It is evident from the results in half of the cases studied that an economic rationale has been followed in the application of AD (Anti-dumping) duties in Pakistan. Although the number of AD cases is limited, Pakistan has emerged as one of the intensive users of AD, relative to its total import share. It is also evident from the fact that intensive use of AD reduces trade and increases trade barriers, similarly, trade diversion reduces the chances of trade reduction. The key message emerging from this research is that trade diversion persists and in some cases trade diversion is substantial and it offsets the effect of AD measures on named countries to the benefit of non-named countries