From Network to Web dimension in supply chain management

Cette thèse soutient que la dimension réseau, étant actuellement la portée du domaine de la gestion de chaîne logistique, contraint l’avancement de ce domaine et restreint des innovations conceptuelles et fondamentales capables d’adresser les grands défis économiques, environnementaux et sociaux. Les concepts de chaîne et de réseau ne reflètent pas la complexité des flux physiques, informationnels et financiers générés par les interactions qui ont lieu dans des réseaux interconnectés. Ces concepts n’offrent pas les fondations théoriques pour supporter des interventions allant au-delà d’un seul réseau et laissent échapper des opportunités nécessitant une vision multi-réseau. Ainsi, la dimension “web”, celle des réseaux de réseaux, est proposée comme une extension de la dimension réseau. Cette extension peut être vue comme l’étape naturelle suivante dans la progression qui a commencé par le niveau de gestion des opérations internes, est passée au niveau de la chaîne logistique et se trouve actuellement au niveau du réseau logistique. Après l’investigation théorique des raisons et de la façon d’intégrer la dimension web dans le domaine de la gestion de la chaîne logistique, la thèse étudie des implications importantes de cette intégration sur la collaboration inter-organisationnelle et le processus de prise de décision dans des environnements de webs logistiques. Elle démontre, en exploitant l’exemple des réseaux interconnectés ouverts, des potentialités inimaginables sans une vision web. Une méthodologie de conception d’un modèle de simulation permettant l’évaluation et la comparaison des webs ouverts par rapport aux webs existants est proposée. Puisque l’aide à la décision est une composante importante de la gestion de la chaîne logistique, la thèse contribue à déterminer les besoins des gestionnaires et à identifier les lignes directrices de la conception des outils d’aide à la décision offrant le support adéquat pour faire face aux défis et à la complexité des webs logistiques. Ces lignes directrices ont été compilées dans un cadre de conception des logiciels d’aide à la décision supportant la dimension web. Ce cadre est exploité pour développer quatre applications logicielles offrant aux praticiens et aux chercheurs des outils nécessaires pour étudier, analyser et démêler la complexité des webs logistiques.This thesis argues that the network dimension as the current scope of supply chain management is confining the evolution of this field and restricting the conceptual and fundamental innovations required for addressing the major challenges imposed by the evolution of markets and the increased intricacies of business relationships. The concepts of chain and network are limitative when attempting to represent the complexity of physical, informational and financial flows resulting from the interactions occurring in overlapping networks. They lack the theoretical foundations necessary to explain and encompass initiatives that go beyond a single chain or network. They also lead to overlook substantial opportunities that require beyond a network vision. Therefore, the “web” dimension, as networks of networks, is proposed as an extension to the network dimension in supply chain management. This new scope is the natural next step in the progression from the internal operations management level to the supply chain level and then to the supply network level. After a theoretical investigation of why and how the web dimension should be integrated into the supply chain management field, the thesis studies and discusses important implications of this integration on inter-organisational collaboration and of the decision-making processes in the logistic web environments. It demonstrates through the example of open interconnected logistic webs some of the potentials that cannot be imagined without a web vision. A methodology for designing a simulation model to assess the impact of such open webs versus existing webs is proposed. Since decision support is a key element in supply chain management, the thesis contributes to determine the needs of supply chain managers and identify the important axes for designing decision support systems that provide adequate assistance in dealing with the challenges and complexity presented by logistic web environments. The identified elements result in the establishment of a foundation for designing software solutions required to handle the challenges revealed by the web dimension. This conceptual framework is applied to the prototyping of four applications that have the potential of providing practitioners and researchers with the appropriate understanding and necessary tools to deal with the complexity of logistics webs

Primitive bilateral nipple necrosis: a case report

Nipple necrosis is a usual complication after breast plastic surgery, however a spontaneous necrosis of the nipple is exceptional and especially without any apparent etiology. We searched in all accessible databases without finding a similar case in the literature. It's a about a 14 years old girl, refugee in Zaatari camp in Jordan. In her medical history, we found a purulent pleurisy of atypical germs treated two years ago, she presented in the last two months a spontaneous bilateral nipple necrosis (A et B). Physical examination showed no pubertal or gynecologic abnormalities. Breast ultrasound was normal. A hormonal balance and an assessment of vacuities were without abnormalities. Otherwise, a Chest -X-Rays was normal. Histopathological examination of a nipple biopsy revealed a necrotic tissue without specific lesions. The evolution was marked by a spontaneous drop in both necrotic nipples (C)

Simulating a physical internet enabled mobility web: the case of mass distribution in France

International audiencePhysical Internet (PI, π) is a novel concept aiming to render more economically, environmentally and socially efficient and sustainable the way physical objects are transported, handled, stored, realized, supplied and used throughout the world. It enables, among other webs, the Mobility Web which deals with moving physical objects within an interconnected set of unimodal and multimodal hubs, transits, ports, roads and ways. We want to develop and use holistic simulations to study and quantify the impact in terms of economical, environmental, and social efficiency and performance of evolving from the current system of freight transportation toward an open logistics web in France. This paper focuses on how the mobility web simulator supporting this study was designed and developed. The simulator produces large-scale simulations of mobility webs consisting of a large number of companies, sites and agents dealing with thousands of daily orders. It supports route and rail transportation modes, pallets and PI-containers for product shipping, different kinds of routing and shipping strategies, and various types of hubs

Pemphigoïde gestationis et aplasie cutanée congénitale: à propos d’un cas

La pemphigoïde gestationis est une dermatose gravidique apparaissant en général entre la 28ème et la 32ème semaine d’aménorrhée. L’éruption cutanée est prurigineuse, bulleuse ou vésiculopapuleuse et de topographie  péri-ombilicale. Outre la clinique, son diagnostic repose sur la biopsie cutanée avec analyse en  immunofluorescence directe. Elle se caractérise par sa tendance à récidiver. Le traitement habituel nécessite des dermocorticoïdes. Les conséquences peuvent être maternelles (menace d’accouchement prématuré), foetales (retard de croissance intra-utérin), et néo-natales (éruption cutanée). Nous rapportons un cas de pemphigoïde gestationis associé à une aplasie cutanée congénitale type 2. S’agit il d’une association fortuite?Key words: Pemphigoïde gestationis, aplasie cutanée congénitale, cas cliniqu

Tumeur desmoïde de la glande Bartholin: à propos d’un cas

Les tumeurs desmoides sont les tumeurs rares, bénignes mais fréquemment agressives d'origine  mésenchymateuse, ils sont extrêmement rares en localisation Vulvaire. Nous rapportons le cas d'une patiente âgée de 32 ans présentant un fibrome desmoïde de la glande de Bartholin prise pour un simple kyste au début. Le traitement consiste en une excision chirurgicale de la lésion et nous discutons la possibilité de traitement adjuvent pour éviter une éventuelle récidive post-opératoire.Key words: Fibrome desmoïde, tumeur vulvaire, pathologie de la glande Bartholi

Môle hydatiforme partielle invasive et métastatique: à propos d’un cas

Depuis plusieurs années, la môle hydatiforme partielle(MHP) a été considérée comme une entité bénigne qui ne nécessite pas une surveillance stricte comme celle de la môle complète(MC), mais l'apparition de quelques cas sporadiques de transformation de la mole partielle en maladie trophoblastique persistante que ça soit une môle invasive ou choriocarcinome ou voire même une tumeur du site d'implantation placentaire; a remis en question cette stratégie. A travers une observation d'une môle partielle invasive métastatique, et à travers une revue de la littérature, on a essayé d'appuyer cette conduite qui considère la môle partielle comme une pathologie potentiellement grave nécessitant une prise en charge adéquate et une surveillance assez rigoureuse.Key words: Mots clé: Môle hydatiforme partielle, môle invasive, métastases pulmonaires, métastases vaginales, chimiothérapie

Grossesse sur utérus cloisonné menée à terme: à propos d’un cas avec revue de la literature

L'utérus cloisonné est la malformation utérine la plus fréquente, comptant pour 30 à 50% des cas, suivie par les malformations utérines de type utérus bicorne et utérus unicorne. Nous rapportons un cas d'utérus  cloisonné total suspecté lors de l'examen obstétrical d'une parturiente en travail, et confirmé à l'exploration au cours d'une césarienne réalisé pour le même motif. L'intérêt de ce cas est de montrer le pronostic obstétrical chez les femmes fertiles porteuses de cette malformation utérine.Key words: Utérus cloisonné, utérus bicorne, utérus unicorne, échographie 3D, hystérosonographie 3

Environmental and economic issues arising from the pooling of SMEs' supply chains: case study of the food industry in Western France

International audienceSupply chains pooling is an emergent strategy for improving logistical performance. The pooling concept consists in transferring the effort of coordination for consolidating independent operators' flows towards an ad hoc pooled system. This organisation results from a design of a pooled logistics network by merging different supply chains to share transport and logistics resources in order to improve logistics performance. In this case study, the pooling concept is applied to a collection of small and medium-sized western France food suppliers serving the same retail chain. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of the pooling, the existing transport organisation was compared to various pooling scenarios. The methodology consisted in accessing a current situation through a survey of the flow of goods at one of the main distribution centre of the studied supply network, then comparing this situation with three other pooling scenarios. Using supply network optimisation models, these scenarios were assessed considering cost and CO2 emission levels. This study demonstrates the interest of transport pooling in the case independent shipping networks of Small and Medium Enterprises compared to the partially know existing strategies adopted by logistics service providers for less than truckload shipments. Moreover, it suggests that there is no dominant supply organisation and that transport pooling is a new stimulus for network design. These results also bring new research perspectives for generalisation of pooling and gain sharing within large coalitions

Interconnected logistic networks and protocols: simulation-based efficiency assessment

International audienceLogistic networks intensely use means of transportation and storage facilities to deliver goods. However, these logistic networks are still poorly interconnected and this fragmentation is responsible for a lack of consolidation and thus efficiency. To cope with the seeming contradiction of just-in-time deliveries and challenging emissions targets, a major improvement in supply networks is sought here. This new organisation is based on the universal interconnection of logistics services, namely a Physical Internet where goods travel in modular containers for the sake of interconnection in open networks. If from a logical point of view, merging container flows should improve efficiency, no demonstration of its potential has been carried out prior to the here reported research. To reach this potentiality assessment goal, we model the asynchronous shipment and creation of containers within an interconnected network of services, find the best path routing for each container and minimise the use of transportations means. To carry out the demonstration and assess the associated stakes, we use a set of actual flows from the fast-moving consumer goods sector in France. Various transportation protocols and scenarios are tested, revealing encouraging results for efficiency indicators such as CO2 emissions, cost, lead time, delivery travel time, and so forth. As this is a first work in the field of flows transportation, the simulation model and experiment exposes many further research avenues

Simulating Physical Internet Enabled Distribution Webs

International audienceWhat if instead of packing products in pallets and boxes of different size, shapes and materials, they are packed in ‎smart, standardized, and modular containers? What if these containers are the only unit loads dealt with by ‎transportation systems and logistics facilities? What if the storage and distribution facilities, regardless of which ‎company they belong to, are open to receive, handle, and store containers from any other company? The Physical ‎Internet suggests that if such a context exists, it enables a Logistics Web that will contribute to address the problem of ‎the economic, environmental, and social inefficiency and unsustainability resulting from the way physical entities are ‎currently moved, handled, stored, supplied, realized and used across the world.‎ In this paper, we report on research aiming to enable the exploration of the potential of such a Logistics Web through ‎simulation based investigation. The research is anchored around a collaborative French-Canada-Switzerland project ‎aiming to assess the potential of altering the French distribution system for fast-moving consumer goods from its cur-‎rent state towards a Physical Internet enabled France-wide open logistics web. This web is notably comprised of an ‎open mobility web and an open distribution web. Specifically, we focus on the design challenges associated with ‎architecting and developing a large-scale agent-based simulator enabling the French Logistics Web experiment.