22 research outputs found
Humanistika i druŔtvene znanosti u vrtlogu hegemonije tzv. tranzicije: performativnost javnog intelektualca danas
This article deals with several problem areas concerning structural issues related to the contemporary social position of the humanities and social sciences, the nature of todayās hegemony and present articulations of critical thinking. The primary focus is on the problems of the higher education system resulting from the Bologna process and the social role and importance of the figure of the public intellectual today, whereas the secondary focus is on connecting these issues with the characteristics of todayās hegemony and the so-called transition. The text argues that the public intellectual should be considered and analyzed as a performative figure belonging to each period articulating and presenting public intellectual narratives, in other words, it is claimed that the public intellectual echoes the period itself as one of its mirror reflections.U Älanku se otvara nekoliko problemskih cjelina u obliku strukturnih pitanja posveÄenih danaÅ”njoj druÅ”tvenoj poziciji humanistike i druÅ”tvenih znanosti, naravi hegemonije naÅ”eg vremena te aktualnim artikulacijama kritiÄkog miÅ”ljenja. Radi se, u prvome planu, o problemima sustava visokog obrazovanja uslijed Bolonjskog procesa te druÅ”tvenoj ulozi i važnosti figure javnog intelektualca danas, dok se na sekundarnoj razini Älanka ta mjesta povezuju s karakteristikama aktualne hegemonije i s tzv. tranzicijom. U tekstu se zagovara teza da je javnog intelektualca potrebno sagledati i analizirati kao performativni lik epohe unutar koje se narativi o javnom intelektualcu artikuliraju i prezentiraju, odnosno da je on slika i prilika same te epohe, jedan od njezinih zrcalnih odraza
POLITICS, THE SOCIETY OF THE SPECTACLE, AND THE MEDIA CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY
Tekst je posveÄen analizi fenomena tzv. spektakularizacije, tabloidizacije i
āselebrizacijeā (celebrity culture) politike i politiÄara na razini medijske konstrukcije
druÅ”tvene realnosti unutar koncepta druÅ”tva spektakla. Pritom Äe se
tekst referirati na niz primjera politiÄkih korupcijskih skandala i afera koje
na ovom mjestu tretiramo kao relevantne za teorijsku opservaciju i analizu
unutar senzacionalistiÄki i tabloidno koncipiranog obzorja medijski konstruiranog
svijeta. KljuÄna je teza rada kako ā suprotno nekim nastojanjima da se
medijski spektakl prikaže kao puka neideoloÅ”ka (ili Äak nadideoloÅ”ka) forma
ā druÅ”tveni i kulturalni oblici produkcije medijskog spektakla na primjerima
politiÄara i politiÄkih afera, voÄeni profitnom logikom marketinÅ”ko-oglaÅ”ivaÄke
industrije, simboliziraju upravo suprotno: ideoloŔko-hegemonijsku formu
karakteristiÄnu za eru liberalne demokracije i neoliberalnog potroÅ”aÄkog
kapitalizma.This article analyses the phenomena of spectacularisation, tabloidisation and
celebrity culture and their appearance in politics and political arena. It looks
at models of the media construction of social reality within the concept of the
society of the spectacle. The author argues that celebrity culture as a part of
media spectacle is not void of ideologies, but rather the opposite: it is led by
market-based ideologies, by desire of commercial sectors in media and advertising
to make profit and by commercialisation of politics. Thus, the phenomena
that are central to this article are the evidence of the prevailing form of
hegemony, which characterises liberal democracy and neoliberal consumerism
Phantasm of Subjectivity in the Key of Interactivity. The Case of Computer Screen
SimboliÄko ishodiÅ”te za tekst predstavlja MaleviÄev Ā»Crni kvadratĀ«, odnosno epistemoloÅ”ki prijelaz u teorijskom razumijevanju spomenutog umjetniÄkog djela: iz fenomenoloÅ”ko-ontoloÅ”ke perspektive ka psihoanalitiÄkoj interpretaciji istog. Putem aplikacije Lacanovog koncepta pogleda, povlaÄimo paralelu izmeÄu simbolike MaleviÄevog kvadrata i primjera ekrana kroz opozicijsko suÄeljavanje televizijskog i kompjutorskog ekrana. Definiranjem razlika izmeÄu televizijskog i kompjutorskog ekrana reaktualiziramo i spomenuti Lacanov koncept, te ga u redefiniranoj verziji apliciramo na primjere kompjutorskog virtualnog prostora i identitet tzv. virtualnog subjekta. Tako uspostavljen problemski motiv obraÄujemo i preko razmatranja dihotomnog para interaktivnost/interpasivnost, sa naglaskom na modelu HCI (Human Computer Interaction), interakciji Äovjeka i kompjutora. Paralela izmeÄu umjetniÄkog objekta i suvremene medijske tehnologije, a sve u vezi sa subjektom koji se pita i time sebe konstituira, putokaz je prema pitanju koje predstavlja jedan od temeljnih interesa teksta, a ono glasi: o kakvom se konstruktu subjekta, odnosno formi njegova identiteta uspostavljenoj u prostoru virtualnog, zapravo radi?Symbolical starting point of the text is Ā»Black SquareĀ« by Kazimir Malevich, or more exactly, an epistemological transition within theoretical understanding of the mentioned artwork: from a phenomenological-ontological perspective toward psychoanalytical interpretation of it. According to application of the concept of regard by Jacques Lacan, and regarding to oppositional distinction between television screen and computer screen, I am searching for a parallel between Malevichās Square and symbolic of the screen. Process of definition of differences between television screen and computer screen is the way of re-actualization of previously mentioned Lacanās concept, and I make an application of it on examples of computer virtual space and so-called virtually created identity. Primal theoretical problem of the text is working out through dichotomy interactivity/interpassivity with stress on the model of HCI (Human Computer Interaction) that is interaction of human with computer. Parallel between an artwork and contemporary media technology, regarding to a human subject under self-questioned and self-created processes, leading us toward the question which is the one of main interests in the text: what is the model of self identity created within virtual space
Consumer Capitalism: Era of the Manufacturing of Consumer Desire
U tekstu se problematizira karakter epohe konzumeristiÄkoga kapitalizma iz perspektive produkcije imaginarija potroÅ”aÄke želje. Spomenuti se problem nastoji sagledati ne samo kao puki socioloÅ”ko-kulturoloÅ”ki fenomen, veÄ i ideoloÅ”ki, te se kao takav smjeÅ”ta u povijesni kontekst, u vremenski period koji zapoÄinje s 20-im godinama 20. stoljeÄa, prvo u SAD-u, a potom i u ostatku tzv. zapadnih kultura. Aspekti koji se ispostavljaju kao kljuÄni u pokuÅ”aju interpretacije ishodiÅ”noga fenomena jesu polje psihoanalize, pitanje odnosa neokapitalizma/neoliberalizma, ideologije socijalizma i potroÅ”aÄke kulture, kao i znaÄaj marketinÅ”ko-oglaÅ”ivaÄke maÅ”inerije u kreiranju konzumeristiÄkih fantazmi.The article examines the character of consumer capitalism in the light of the manufacturing of consumer desire. The problem is not discussed as a mere socio-cultural phenomenon, but also an ideological one. As such, it is placed in a historical context ā the beginning of the 1920s, first in the USA and later in the rest of the so-called western cultures. Aspects which turn out to be of crucial importance in an attempt to interpret consumer capitalism are psychoanalysis, the relationship between neo-capitalism and neo-liberalism, ideology of socialism and consumer culture as well as the role of marketing/ advertising machinery in the creation of consumer fantasies
Everyday Life: An Interface of Micro, Mezzo and Macro Theories
Rad je posveÄen preglednom prikazu nekih od najrelevantnijih teorija svakodnevnog
života. Shodno tomu, u Älanku su tematizirane sve tri razine teorija svakodnevice ā mikro
(Garfinkel, Simmel, Goffman), mezo (Berger, Luckmann, Bourdieu) i makro (Lefebvre, Debord,
Vaneigem, Heller) ā pri Äemu je sociologija, kao srediÅ”nja druÅ”tveno-humanistiÄka disciplina
po pitanju tema i fenomena svakodnevnog života, dovedena u predmetno-metodoloŔki i
interdisciplinarni dijalog s filozofijom, a rubno i s antropologijom te kulturalnim studijima. U
radu se pokuŔala dovesti u pitanje, ŔtoviŔe i osporiti, nerijetko zastupana teza o samorazumljivoj
primarnosti mikrosocioloŔkih teorija pri istraživanjima i interpretacijama svakodnevnog
života u odnosu na makroteorijska promiŔljanja svakodnevlja i njihovu relevantnost.The article is dedicated to an overview of some of the most relevant theories of everyday life.
Accordingly, the paper deals with all three levels of theories of everyday life ā micro (Garfinkel,
Simmel, Goffman), mezzo (Berger, Luckmann, Bourdieu), and macro (Lefebvre, Debord,
Vaneigem, Heller). In that context, sociology ā as the central social-humanistic discipline on
the issues and phenomena of everyday life ā is brought into subject-methodological and interdisciplinary
ādialogueā with philosophy, and partly with anthropology and cultural studies. The
paper tries to question, and even dispute, the often advocated thesis of the self-evident primacy
of micro-sociological theories in research and interpretations of everyday life in relation to
macro-theoretical considerations of everydayness and their relevance
Historisierung der Transition ā der Fall des (post)jugoslawischen Raumes
Älanak je posveÄen analizi fenomena tranzicije, s fokusom na prostor bivÅ”e Jugoslavije, i tom zadatku pristupa na nekoliko razina. U uvodu je ponuÄen kratak osvrt na osnovne teze, interpretacije i razumijevanja spomenutog fenomena, kako iz srednjostrujaÅ”ke perspektive autora liberalnih i konzervativnih tradicija u politologiji i sociologiji, tako i kritiÄara ātranzitologijeā iz rakursa lijevo-marksistiÄki orijentiranih pristupa. Slijedi dio Älanka namijenjen pitanjima kako misliti tranziciju u kontekstu naravi njezina vremena, to jest temporalnosti; koja metoda i tradicija miÅ”ljenja bi bila primjerena tako postavljenom problemskom motivu, te na tragu takvog imperativa suÄeljava prakse historizacije nasuprot modelu tzv. kulture sjeÄanja. U zasebnim poglavljima bavimo se analizom tranzicije kao ideologije i tranzicije kao pojma / koncepta ā ideologema. SrediÅ”nji i najveÄi dio Älanka posveÄen je kljuÄnom problemskom motivu teksta ā iskustvu tranzicije (post)jugoslavenskog prostora.The paper analyses the phenomenon of transition on several levels, with the main focus on the former Yugoslavian space. In the introduction, a brief overview of basic theses, interpretations and understandings of this phenomenon are given, both from the perspective of mainstream authors who belong to liberal and conservative traditions in political sciences and sociology, as well as the critics of ātransitologyā from the leftist, Marxist-oriented approaches. The paper then addresses the following questions: how to think of transition within the context of its own nature of time, its own temporality; as well as which method and tradition of thought would be adequate for analysing this kind of problem. Then, the paper confronts the practices of historization and the, so-called, culture of memory. The paper continues with the analysis of transition as ideology and transition as a term / concept ā ideologeme. The central and longest part of the paper is devoted to the main case ā the transition experience of (post)Yugoslav space.Im Artikel wird das PhƤnomen der Transition analysiert, mit dem Fokus auf den Raum des ehemaligen Jugoslawien und zwar auf mehreren Ebenen. In der Einleitung ist ein kurzer RĆ¼ckblick auf die Grundthesen, Interpretationen und VerstƤndnis des genannten PhƤnomens geboten, sowohl aus der vorherrschenden Perspektive von Autoren mit liberalen und konservativen Traditionen in Politologie und Soziologie, als auch von Kritikern der āTransitologieā vom Gesichtspunkt der links-marxistisch orientierten AnsƤtze aus. Im folgenden Teil des Artikels geht es um Fragen, wie Transition im Kontext der Natur ihrer Zeit, d.h. der TemporalitƤt, zu denken ist; Welche Methode und Denktradition bei so einem Problem angemessen wƤren, auf Spuren eines solchen Imperativs werden Praxen der Historisierung mit dem Modell der sog. Erinnerungskultur konfrontiert. In gesonderten AbsƤtzen beschƤftigen wir uns mit Analyse der Transition als Ideologie und der Transition als ein wesentliches Motiv des Textes ā mit der Erfahrung der Transition des (post)jugoslawischen Raumes
Media and Spectacularization of Social World. Mass Media Production of āCelebrity Cultureā
Tekst nudi prikaz povijesne uloge masovnih medija u produkciji druÅ”tva spektakla i njezinoj recentnijoj inaÄici, tzv. celebrity culture (kultura slavnih), koja u sve veÄoj mjeri odreÄuje i karakterizira suvremeno druÅ”tvo kasne postmoderne. Nakon uvodne kontekstualizacije kljuÄnog problema, tekstom su obuhvaÄene klasiÄne teze Frankfurtske Å”kole kritiÄke teorije druÅ”tva, posveÄene utjecajima masovnih medija u produkciji masovne kulture, kao i SituacionistiÄka internacionala, odnosno Debordov koncept druÅ”tva spektakla. Posljednji, centralni dio teksta, bavi se medijski potpomognutom spektakularizacijom suvremenog druÅ”tva i pokuÅ”ava odgovoriti na pitanje Å”to su razlozi i koji su interesi u pozadini takvog medijski konstruiranog svijeta.The article presents the historical role of mass media in the production of spectacle society and its recent version ā the socalled celebrity culture, which characterizes late postmodern society. After the introductory part, which contextualized the main problem of the text, next chapters are dedicated to classical Frankfurt School theses that mass media influence the production of mass culture, as well as to Situationist International, and the concept of spectacle society by Guy Debord. The central part of the article deals with media supported spectacularization of contemporary society, and tries to discover the reasons and interests behind specific media constructions of the world
Kooptierung als intrinsisches PhƤnomen des kapitalistischen Systems: ein Beispiel der alternativ-subkultureller Praxen
Rad se bavi jednom dimenzijom kapitalistiÄkog sustava, fenomenom kooptacije, kojeg tretira kao važan aspekt Äijom je dekonstrukcijom moguÄe dospjeti do kompleksnijeg razumijevanja cijeloga niza aktualnih manifestacija danaÅ”njeg razvojnog stadija neoliberalnog kapitalizma. Kooptacija je u osnovici fenomen gospodarsko-politiÄkog karaktera, no njezini manifestacijski oblici mogu i trebaju biti detektirani i na socijalnim te (kontra)kulturnim razinama artikulacije, Å”to je i primarna nakana ovog teksta. Paralelan problemski motiv rada, iako u tekstu pozicioniran sekundarno, jest kooptaciji srodan koncept gentrifi kacije, to jest gospodarski, politiÄki, socijalno i kulturalno defi niran fenomen klasnog preuzimanja grada. Kooptacija i, dijelom, gentrifikacija, problematizirane su u domeni alternativne kulture ili supkulture i to kroz svojevrsnu case study analizu dva konkretna primjera. Radi
se o ljubljanskim supkulturnim skvotovima, Metelkovoj i Rogu, koji danas nedvojbeno simboliziraju urbane bastione alternativne kulture u Sloveniji, ali i u regiji. Namjera je u tekstu napraviti prikaz
nekoliko relevantnih aspekata transformacije spomenutih mjesta unutar Å”irih povijesnih, politiÄkih, ekonomskih, druÅ”tvenih i (sup)kulturnih tranzicijskih konteksta, ali i praktiÄno testirati fenomen kooptacije aplikacijom kvalitativne analize na odabrane uzorke. U zakljuÄnom dijelu rada pokuÅ”avaju se ponuditi neki moguÄi praktiÄni odgovori suvremenim izazovima, neoliberalnim kapitalizmom modeliranih, kooptacijskih mehanizama.Th e paper deals with one dimension of the capitalist system, the phenomenon of co-optation, treated as an important aspect through the deconstruction of which it is possible to come to a more complex understanding of a range of actual manifestations of contemporary neoliberal capitalism. Co-optation is basically a phenomenon of an economic and political character, however, its manifestations can and should be detected at the social as well as (contra-) cultural levels, which is the main aim of this paper. The secondary aim of the paper is to discuss a related concept of gentrifi cation, i.e. an economically, politically, socially and culturally defi ned phenomenon of a class takeover of the city. Co-optation and, partially, gentrification are problematized in the domain of alternative culture and subculture through the case study analysis of two concrete examples. Th ese are the areas of subcultural squatting in the city of Ljubljana, called Metelkova and Rog, which today undoubtedly symbolise urban bastions of alternative culture in Slovenia, as well as the wider region. Th e paper attempts to present several relevant aspects of the transformation of these places within a wider context of historical, political, economic, social and (sub)cultural transitions, as well as to test practically the phenomenon of co-optation by applying it to these selected samples. In the conclusion, the paper attempts to off er several possible practical responses to contemporary challenges of co-optation mechanisms modelled by neoliberalism.Die vorliegende Arbeit beschƤftigt sich mit einer Dimension des kapitalistischen Systems, nƤmlich mit dem PhƤnomen der Kooptierung, das als ein wichtiges Aspekt behandelt wird, durch dessen Dekonstruktion es mƶglich ist, zu einem komplexeren VerstƤndnis einer ganzen Reihe aktueller Manifestierungen der heutigen Entwicklungsstufe des neoliberalen Kapitalismus zu gelangen. Die Kooptierung ist, im Grunde genommen, ein PhƤnomen wirtschaftlich-politischen Charakters, seine Erscheinungsformen kƶnnen und sollen detektiert werden auch auf sozialen und (kontra)kulturellen Ebenen der Artikulierung, was auch die primƤre
Absicht dieses Textes ist. Ein parallel vorhandenes Problemmotiv der Arbeit, obwohl im Text erst in zweiter Linie positioniert, ist der Kooptierung verwandtes Konzept der Gentrifi kation, d.h. ein wirtschaftlich, politisch, gesellschaftlich und kulturell defi niertes PhƤnomen der StadtĆ¼bernahme von Klassen. Die Kooptierung
und teilweise auch die Gentrifi kation, werden in der DomƤne der alternativen Kultur oder der Subkultur problematisiert u.zw. durch eine Art von case study ā durch Analysen von zwei konkreten FƤllen.
Es geht um subkulturelle Squats MetelkostraĆe und Rog in Ljubljana, die heute zweifelsohne urbane Basteien der alternativen Kultur in Slowenien, aber auch in der Region symbolisieren. In seinem Text hatte der Verfasser die Absicht, einige relevante Aspekte der Transformation von erwƤhnten PlƤtzen innerhalb breiter geschichtlicher, politischer, wirtschaftlicher, gesellschaftlicher und (sub)kultureller Transitionskontexte zu zeigen, aber auch das PhƤnomen der Kooptierung mit der Anwendung der qualitativen Analyse an gewƤhlten Mustern praktisch zu testen. Im abschlieĆenden Teil der Arbeit wird versucht, einige mƶgliche
praktische Antworten auf moderne Herausforderungen und die durch den neoliberalen Kapitalismus modellierten Kooptationsmechanismen anzubieten
Primjer industrijske proizvodnje u socijalizmu: nacrt studije sluÄaja tvornice Kombiteks BihaÄ (SFR Jugoslavija, SR Bosna i Hercegovina)
Tekst je posveÄen okvirnom prikazu ekonomsko-socijalnih aspekata tvornice tekstila Kombiteks iz BihaÄa (Bosna i Hercegovina), s naglaskom na periodu njezinih najznaÄajnijih poslovnih rezultata u drugoj polovici 80-ih godina 20. stoljeÄa koji prethode propasti kako Kombiteksa tako i veÄine ostalih industrijskih kapaciteta u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH), ali znaÄajnim dijelom i u ostatku nekadaÅ”nje SocijalistiÄke Federativne Republike Jugoslavije. Älanak ima preliminarno-istraživaÄki karakter. Cilj mu je iscrtati rubne okvire, odnosno mapirati Kombiteks u jednu Å”iru druÅ”tvenu, ekonomsku, kulturnu i politiÄku sliku BihaÄa, Bosne i Hercegovine, SFR Jugoslavije, ali i Å”ire. Narativna linija teksta graÄena je na dvjema paralelnim, ali usko isprepletenim, razinama koje slijede razdoblje dugo tri i pol desetljeÄa, od nastanka Kombiteksa u drugoj polovici 50-ih do poÄetaka rata u Bosni i Hercegovini u ranim 90-im godinama 20. stoljeÄa. Jedna je razina, dakle, Å”ire kontekstualna, a druga je posveÄena samome Kombiteksu. Älankom želimo naglasiti, te pritom dati i skromni doprinos, važnost analiza i tema u domenama jugoslavenskog nasljeÄa iz politiÄko-ekonomskog rakursa, a ne iskljuÄivo iz identitetsko-etnopolitiÄkih i svjetonazorskih perspektiva koje su dugo vremena dominirale u istraživanjima raspada SFR Jugoslavije i njezinih ratova u 90-ima, Å”to doprinosi temeljitijem razumijevanju recentnije povijesti tog prostora, te kompleksnijem pogledu na iskustvo SFR Jugoslavije
DIE EHEGEMEINSCHAFT UNTER BEDINGUNGEN DER KAPITALISTISCHEN KOMMODIFIZIERUNG UND DER IDEOLOGIE DES KONSUMERISMUS
U radu se pokuÅ”ava ukazati na problem suvremene braÄne zajednice kao ekonomsko i tržiÅ”no reguliranog entiteta i jedne od rezultanti uznapredovanih kapitalistiÄko-komodifikacijskih procesa danaÅ”njice, Å”to posredno ukljuÄuje obradu bliskih fenomena poput institucije obitelji, mita o vjeÄnoj romantiÄnoj ljubavi, srodnih duÅ”a te zaruka, koje kontekstualno povezujemo s pitanjima ideologije konzumerizma, potroÅ”aÄkog druÅ”tva i kulture. Zagovaramo tezu prema kojoj je ekonomska vrijednosna varijabla inherentna unutarnjoj strukturi i ustroju braÄne zajednice kroz cijelu njezinu povijest, Å”to naroÄito postaje evidentno uznapredovanom dinamikom kapitalistiÄkih procesa tijekom posljednjih stotinjak godina.This paper examines the concept of marital union as an economic and market-regulated entity, a product of the advanced processes of contemporary capitalist commodification. Familiar notions such as the institution of family, the myth of eternal love, soulmates, and the idea of engagement are understood as contextually tied to consumerist ideology, society and culture. The main argument is that economic value became integral to the internal structure and organization of marital union throughout its history, and that this has been especially evident over the last century of increased dynamics of capitalist development.In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird versucht, auf das Problem der zeitgenƶssischen Ehegemeinschaft hinzuweisen, als eine durch Wirtschaft und Markt regulierte EntitƤt und eine der Resultanten der fortgeschrittenen kapitalistischen Kommodifizierungsprozesse der Gegenwart, was indirekt die Behandlung der nahen PhƤnomene einschlieĆt wie z. B. der Institution der Familie, des Mythos der ewigen romantischen Liebe, der verwandten Seelen und der Verlobung, die man kontextuell mit den Fragen der Ideologie des Konsumerismus, der Konsumgesellschaft und -kultur verbindet. Wir befĆ¼rworten die These, dass die ƶkonomische Variable des Wertes der inneren Struktur der Ehegemeinschaft wƤhrend ihrer ganzen Geschichte inhƤrent ist, was besonders mit der fortgeschrittenen Dynamik der kapitalistischen Prozesse in den letzten ein paar hundert Jahren evident wird