A novel method for assessing the renal biopsy specimens using an activatable fluorescent probe

Gamma-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG) is an activatable fluorescent probe that can be activated by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). The expression of GGT in the kidney, which is one of the major organs exhibiting enhanced GGT expression, is exclusively localised to the cortex. Here, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of gGlu-HMRG as a probe for the on-site assessment of renal biopsy specimens. gGlu-HMRG fluorescent probe was applied to the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and cortical collecting duct cells in vitro, mouse kidneys ex vivo, and human biopsy specimens. In addition, the fluorescence intensities in the cortex and the medulla were comparatively evaluated in the biopsy specimens. The fluorescence signal was rapidly detected in the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, whereas that in the cortical collecting duct cells was not detected. The fluorescence signal was detected in the mouse kidneys ex vivo without markedly affecting the tissue morphology. In the human biopsy specimens, the fluorescence signal in the cortex was significantly distinct from that in the medulla (p?<?0.05). Thus, this fluorescent probe can be used to distinctly identify the renal cortex in the biopsy specimens

Validation studies of gyrokinetic ITG and TEM turbulence simulations in a JT-60U tokamak using multiple flux matching

Quantitative validation studies of flux-tube gyrokinetic Vlasov simulations on ion and electronheat transport are carried out for the JT-60U tokamak experiment. The ion temperaturegradient (ITG) and/or trapped electron modes (TEM) driven turbulent transport and zonalflow generations are investigated for an L-mode plasma in the local turbulence limit with asufficiently small normalized ion thermal gyroradius and weak mean radial electric fields.Nonlinear turbulence simulations by the GKV code successfully reproduce radial profilesof the ion and electron energy fluxes in the core region. The numerical results show that theTEM-driven zonal flow generation in the outer region is more significant than that in the coreregion with ITG- and ITG–TEM-dominated turbulence, leading to moderate transport shortfallof the ion energy flux. Error levels in the prediction of the ion and electron temperaturegradient profiles in the core region are estimated as less than ±30%, based on a multiple fluxmatching technique, where the simulated ion and electron energy fluxes are simultaneouslymatched to the experimental values

Summary of satellite meeting on machine protection

JT-60SAの装置保護に関するTCMサテライト会合の概要及び議論内容について報告した。The 37th Technical Committee Meetin

Status and plans for data access

JT-60SAの実験データアクセスツール及び研究情報管理用サイトの開発状況について報告した。The 37th Technical Committee Meetin

Review of hydrogen isotope effects on H-mode confinement in JT-60U

JT-60UにおけるHモード閉じ込め性能への水素同位体効果研究についてレビューする。イオン熱拡散係数を維持するために必要なイオン温度勾配特性長は軽水素より重水素の方が20％程度短くなることを示した。軽水素での粒子束が大きいが、重水素での粒子拡散が抑制されるため、結果的に軽／重水素プラズマで電子密度分布は大きく変化しないことを示した。Hモードにおける周辺ペデスタルとポロイダルベータの関係は水素同位体に依存しないことを示した

A new vertical instability predictor via precursor oscillation detection with performance monitoring of equilibrium controller

We first propose an accurate and robust vertical instability predictor by using a support vector machine (SVM), one of the machine learning methods. The predictor is trained to detect precursor oscillation by using newly introduced classification parameters to measure the equilibrium controller performance, which is obtained by the adaptive voltage allocation scheme (Inoue et al 2021 Nuclear Fusion 61 096009). Furthermore, multi-layered preprocessing filters are newly introduced for the SVM training/prediction, which improves the prediction accuracy under highly imbalanced conditions, where ∼500 disruptive data while ∼3 × 106 non-disruptive data. The classification parameters can be calculated only by the current centroid, which suggests that the proposed predictor is robust against the extrapolation for the experiment and will be validated in JT-60SA experiments