Lists of proteins analyzed by pathway analysis.

<p>Lists of proteins analyzed by pathway analysis.</p

Suppression of protein synthesis by combined KPNA knockdown.

<p>Under starvation conditions (0.1% fetal bovine serum), siRNA-mediated knockdown of KPNA2, 1, 3, and 4 significantly suppressed protein synthesis after 48 h (*p<0.05) and 72 h (***p<0.01), as demonstrated by metabolic labeling with ³⁵S-methionine.</p

Suppression of ribosomal RNA synthesis by combined KPNA knockdown.

<p>Under starvation conditions (0.1% fetal bovine serum), siRNA-mediated knockdown of KPNA2, 1, 3, and 4 significantly suppressed ribosomal RNA synthesis analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (***p<0.01). The amount of pre-ribosomal RNA was reduced by about 37% after 72 h.</p

Detection and analysis of proteins that interact with KPNA2 and localization of KPNA2 in the nucleolus.

<p>Proteins that interact with KPNA2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus were purified using the TAP method and detected by silver staining. Proteins marked with arrows were analyzed by LC/MS/MS. HaCaT cells expressing GFP-TAP were used to detect nonspecific interactions. <b>a)</b> The results of LC/MS/MS were analyzed by pathway analysis using reactome (<a href="http://www.reactome.org" target="_blank">http://www.reactome.org</a>). The categories of “mRNA processing”, “ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis”, “chromatin modification,” and “transcription” were the most significantly represented pathways. <b>b)</b> Immunohistochemistry revealed KPNA2 co-localization with UBF, a nucleolar marker.</p

Overexpression of KPNA2 in proliferating cells.

<p>Immunohistochemistry showed KPNA2 was uniformly expressed throughout the epidermis in healthy skin, although KPNA2 overexpression was observed in the basal layer in psoriasis. In contrast, very few cells exhibited KPNA2 staining in the basal cells of atopic dermatitis. KPNA2 overexpression was observed in the tumor cells of Bowen’s disease, actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, Paget’s disease, Merkel cell carcinoma, and mycosis fungoides.</p

Suppression of cell growth by combined KPNA knockdown.

<p>Under starvation conditions (0.1% FBS), siRNA-mediated knockdown of KPNA2, 1, 3, and 4 suppressed cell growth after 120 h (*p<0.05). Only KPNA2 siRNA subtraction produced no change in proliferation.</p