308 research outputs found
Polymer Scaffolds for Small-Diameter Vascular Tissue Engineering
To better engineer small-diameter blood vessels, a few types of novel scaffolds are fabricated from biodegradable poly( L -lactic acid) (PLLA) by means of thermally induced phase-separation (TIPS) techniques. By utilizing the differences in thermal conductivities of the mold materials and using benzene as the solvent scaffolds with oriented gradient microtubular structures in the axial or radial direction can be created. The porosity, tubular size, and the orientational direction of the microtubules can be controlled by the polymer concentration, the TIPS temperature, and by utilizing materials of different thermal conductivities. These gradient microtubular structures facilitate cell seeding and mass transfer for cell growth and function. Nanofibrous scaffolds with an oriented and interconnected microtubular pore network are also developed by a one-step TIPS method using a benzene/tetrahydrofuran mixture as the solvent without the need for porogen materials. The structural features of such scaffolds can be conveniently adjusted by varying the solvent ratio, phase-separation temperature, and polymer concentration to mimic the nanofibrous features of an extracellular matrix. These scaffolds were fabricated for the tissue engineering of small-diameter blood vessels by utilizing their advantageous structural features to facilitate blood-vessel regeneration.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78073/1/2833_ftp.pd
Zero-Shot Rumor Detection with Propagation Structure via Prompt Learning
The spread of rumors along with breaking events seriously hinders the truth
in the era of social media. Previous studies reveal that due to the lack of
annotated resources, rumors presented in minority languages are hard to be
detected. Furthermore, the unforeseen breaking events not involved in
yesterday's news exacerbate the scarcity of data resources. In this work, we
propose a novel zero-shot framework based on prompt learning to detect rumors
falling in different domains or presented in different languages. More
specifically, we firstly represent rumor circulated on social media as diverse
propagation threads, then design a hierarchical prompt encoding mechanism to
learn language-agnostic contextual representations for both prompts and rumor
data. To further enhance domain adaptation, we model the domain-invariant
structural features from the propagation threads, to incorporate structural
position representations of influential community response. In addition, a new
virtual response augmentation method is used to improve model training.
Extensive experiments conducted on three real-world datasets demonstrate that
our proposed model achieves much better performance than state-of-the-art
methods and exhibits a superior capacity for detecting rumors at early stages.Comment: AAAI 202
Hopf Bifurcation Analysis for the Modified Rayleigh Price Model with Time Delay
This paper mainly modifies and further develops the Reyleigh price model.
By modifying the basic Reyleigh model, we can more accurately illustrate the economic
phenomena with price varying. First, we research the dynamics of the modified Reyleigh
model with time delay. By employing the normal form theory and center manifold theory,
we obtain some testable results on these issues. The conclusion confirms that a Hopf bifurcation
occurs due to the existence of stability switches when the delay varies. Finally,
some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results
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Fast-Response Micro-Phototransistor Based on MoS2/Organic Molecule Heterojunction
Over the past years, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been the most extensively studied two-dimensional (2D) semiconductormaterial. With unique electrical and optical properties, 2DMoS2 is considered to be a promising candidate for future nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, charge trapping leads to a persistent photoconductance (PPC), hindering its use for optoelectronic applications. To overcome these drawbacks and improve the optoelectronic performance, organic semiconductors (OSCs) are selected to passivate surface defects, tune the optical characteristics, and modify the doping polarity of 2D MoS2. Here, we demonstrate a fast photoresponse in multilayer (ML) MoS2 by addressing a heterojunction interface with vanadylphthalocyanine (VOPc) molecules. The MoS2/VOPc van der Waals interaction that has been established encourages the PPC effect in MoS2 by rapidly segregating photo-generated holes, which move away from the traps of MoS2 toward the VOPc molecules. The MoS2/VOPc phototransistor exhibits a fast photo response of less than 15 ms for decay and rise, which is enhanced by 3ordersof magnitude in comparison to that of a pristine MoS2-based phototransistor (seconds to tens of seconds). This work offers a means to realize high-performance transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-based photodetection with a fast response speed
catena-Poly[[[diaquairon(II)]-μ-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylato] dihydrate]
The crystal structure of the title compound, {[Fe(C6H2N2O4)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n, was synthesized by a diffusion method. It has a one-dimensional polymeric chain structure and the chains are further connected into a three-dimensional structure by hydrogen bonds. The FeII ion has a distorted octahedral coordination environment, with two N and two O atoms from the pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate ligands in the equatorial plane and with two water molecules in axial positions. The Fe atom lies on a crystallographic centre of symmetry and a twofold rotation axis passes through the pyrazine ring
Effidit: Your AI Writing Assistant
In this technical report, we introduce Effidit (Efficient and Intelligent
Editing), a digital writing assistant that facilitates users to write
higher-quality text more efficiently by using artificial intelligence (AI)
technologies. Previous writing assistants typically provide the function of
error checking (to detect and correct spelling and grammatical errors) and
limited text-rewriting functionality. With the emergence of large-scale neural
language models, some systems support automatically completing a sentence or a
paragraph. In Effidit, we significantly expand the capacities of a writing
assistant by providing functions in five categories: text completion, error
checking, text polishing, keywords to sentences (K2S), and cloud input methods
(cloud IME). In the text completion category, Effidit supports generation-based
sentence completion, retrieval-based sentence completion, and phrase
completion. In contrast, many other writing assistants so far only provide one
or two of the three functions. For text polishing, we have three functions:
(context-aware) phrase polishing, sentence paraphrasing, and sentence
expansion, whereas many other writing assistants often support one or two
functions in this category. The main contents of this report include major
modules of Effidit, methods for implementing these modules, and evaluation
results of some key methods.Comment: Technical report for Effidit. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2202.0641
Electrohydraulic lithotripsy through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography combined with SpyGlass in the treatment of complex pancreatic duct stones: A case report and literature review
The incidence of pancreatic duct stones (PDS) is less than 1%. After the formation of stones, the lumen of the pancreatic duct is blocked, and the pancreatic juice cannot be discharged smoothly, resulting in the impairment of the internal and external secretions of the pancreas. Several national guidelines now recommend endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as the treatment for PDS. The emergence of SpyGlass makes it possible to visualize the ERCP blind area of the pancreatic system directly. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) under SpyGlass can crush large and pressure-resistant stones into smaller fragments, significantly improving the success of the endoscopic treatment of large stones. Here, we report a patient presented with acute alcohol-associated pancreatitis, found to have PDS on imaging, who underwent ERCP combined with SpyGlass (EHL), avoiding surgery, reducing trauma, and being discharged from the hospital with a rapid recovery. Therefore, endoscopic therapy is effective and safe for PDS patients. The combination therapy of this patient is the first use of SpyGlass for PDS in our centre, which marks a new stage in the application of endoscopic therapy for pancreatic diseases
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Perovskite Origami for Programmable Microtube Lasing
Metal halide perovskites are promising materials for optoelectronic and photonic applications ranging from photovoltaics to laser devices. However, current perovskite devices are constrained to simple low-dimensional structures suffering from limited design freedom and holding up performance improvement and functionality upgrades. Here, a micro-origami technique is developed to program 3D perovskite microarchitectures toward a new type of microcavity laser. The design flexibility in 3D supports not only outstanding laser performance such as low threshold, tunable output, and high stability but also yields new functionalities like 3D confined mode lasing and directional emission in, for example, laser “array-in-array” systems. The results represent a significant step forward toward programmable microarchitectures that take perovskite optoelectronics and photonics into the 3D era. © 2021 The Authors. Advanced Functional Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH
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