Influence of Bentonite Particles on Representative Gram Negative and Gram Positive Bacterial Deposition in Porous Media

The significance of clay particles on the transport and deposition kinetics of bacteria in irregular quartz sand was examined by direct comparison of both breakthrough curves and retained profiles with clay particles in bacteria suspension versus those without clay particles. Two representative cell types, Gram-negative strain <i>E. coli</i> DH5α and Gram-positive strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> were utilized to systematically determine the influence of clay particles (bentonite) on cell transport behavior. Packed column experiments for both cell types were conducted in both NaCl (5 and 25 mM ionic strengths) and CaCl₂ (5 mM ionic strength) solutions at pH 6.0. The breakthrough plateaus with bentonite in solutions (30 mg L^–1 and 50 mg L^–1) were lower than those without bentonite for both cell types under all examined conditions, indicating that bentonite in solutions decreased cell transport in porous media regardless of cell types (Gram-negative or Gram-positive) and solution chemistry (ionic strength and ion valence). The enhanced cell deposition with bentonite particles was mainly observed at segments near to column inlet, retained profiles for both cell types with bentonite particles were therefore steeper relative to those without bentonite. The increased cell deposition with bentonite observed in NaCl solutions was attributed to the codeposition of bacteria with bentonite particles whereas, in addition to codeposition of bacteria with bentonite, the bacteria–bentonite–bacteria cluster formed in suspensions also contributed to the increased deposition of bacteria with bentonite in CaCl₂ solution

Additional file 1 of Post-trigger luteinizing hormone concentration to positively predict oocyte yield in the antagonist protocol and its association with genetic variants of LHCGR

Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Descriptive date and genotype frequencies of 372 patients. Supplemental Figure 1. The body mass index (BMI), LH concentrations and number of high-quality embryos of patients grouped by oocyte retrieval rate (ORR) quartile in cycles with GnRH-a triggering

Summary of read statistics from RNA-sequencing of <i>Crossostephium chinensis</i>.

<p>Summary of read statistics from RNA-sequencing of <i>Crossostephium chinensis</i>.</p

qRT-PCR analysis of 12 DEGs during periods of salt stress.

<p>Twelve unigenes used for verification by qRT-PCR were randomly selected from among salt-response-related genes. The qRT-PCR results are the means ± standard deviations (± SDs) of three replicates.</p

Validation of RNA-seq results by qRT-PCR.

<p>Twelve unigenes were randomly selected from among the salt-response-related genes for verification by qRT-PCR. The red bar indicates the RNA-seq results, and the blue bar represents the qRT-PCR outcomes.</p

Top 20 enriched KEGG pathways among DEGs from ‘ST3 vs ST0’, ‘ST9 vs ST3’, and ‘ST9 vs ST0’.

<p>The number of DEGs in each pathway is positively related to the size of the plots. The padj values shown in red are positive.</p

GO enrichment of DEGs in the three compared groups.

<p>DEGs in ‘ST3 vs ST0’, ‘ST9 vs ST3’, and ‘ST9 vs ST0’ were enriched for 15, 21, and 7 GO terms, respectively.</p

Conjugative Transfer of Dioxin–Catabolic Megaplasmids and Bioaugmentation Prospects of a <i>Rhodococcus</i> sp.

Genetic bioaugmentation, in which bacteria harboring conjugative plasmids provide catabolic functions, is a promising strategy to restore dioxin-contaminated environments. Here we examined the conjugative transfer of the dioxin–catabolic plasmids pDF01 and pDF02 harbored by <i>Rhodococcus</i> sp. strain p52. A mating experiment using strain p52 as a donor showed that pDF01 and pDF02 were concomitantly and conjugatively transferred from strain p52 to a <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> recipient at a conjugation frequency of 3 × 10^–4 colonies per recipient. pDF01 and pDF02 were isolated from the <i>P. aeruginosa</i> transconjugant and identified by Southern hybridization, and they were localized in the transconjugant cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Moreover, the catabolic plasmids functioned in the transconjugant, which gained the ability to use dibenzofuran and chlorodibenzofuran for growth, and they were maintained in 50% of the transconjugant cells for 30 generations without selective pressure. Furthermore, conjugative transfer of the catabolic plasmids to activated sludge bacteria was detected. Sequencing of pDF01 and pDF02 revealed the genetic basis for the plasmids’ conjugative transfer and stable maintenance, as well as their cooperation during dioxin catabolism. Therefore, strain p52 harboring pDF01 and pDF02 has potential for genetic bioaugmentation in dioxin-contaminated environments

Differential expression patterns of all unigenes among three libraries (ST0, ST3 and ST9).

<p>A, B, and C show volcano plot analyses of DEGs in ‘ST3 vs ST0’, ‘ST9 vs ST3’ and ‘ST9 vs ST0’, respectively. The x-axis indicates the expression ratio of the different samples, and the y-axis indicates the significance of the differential gene expression, which is positive in relation to the -log₁₀(padj) value and negative in relation to the padj value. Red plots represent up-regulated genes; green plots represent down-regulated genes; and blue plots represent no significant difference. D indicates the number of DEGs shared among different groups.</p

Unigene annotation results from seven databases.

<p>Unigene annotation results from seven databases.</p