Additional file 1: of 131I-Traced PLGA-Lipid Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Carriers for the Targeted Chemotherapeutic Treatment of Melanoma

Cell uptake data obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy. (DOCX 150 kb

Clinical Features of Children with Pulmonary Microscopic Polyangiitis: Report of 9 Cases

<div><p>Kidneys and lungs are the most common organs involved in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). A retrospective analysis of pediatric MPA patients with pulmonary lesions over the past 10 years was performed to investigate clinical features of MPA in children with pulmonary lesions. There were 9 patients enrolled in our study, including 2 boys and 7 girls, with a median age of 6.6 years at the time of disease onset and a median disease course of 2 months. All of the patients exhibited tachypnea, and 7 exhibited cough and hemoptysis. The most common presentation on pulmonary imaging was ground glass or patchy shadows, which were observed in 6 cases. Seven patients manifested with hematuria and proteinuria, with renal histopathology of fibrinoid necrosis/exudation of the glomerular capillaries. All of the patients presented with normocytic normochromic anemia. Of the 9 patients, 7 were positive for perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA) and/or myeloperoxidase (MPO), and 2 were positive for p-ANCA/MPO and cytoplasmic ANCA/proteinase 3. Eight patients had normal complement 3 (C3) levels, and one had an elevated C3 level. Five of the 9 patients were positive for antinuclear antibody ANA, and 4 were positive for double strand DNA (ds-DNA) antibody (3 were positive for both). The 7 patients who exhibited renal involvement received steroid plus cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment. Of these patients, 4 achieved various degrees of remission, 2 were at the beginning of induction therapy, and one was lost to follow-up. Two patients with isolated pulmonary involvement received steroid plus leflunomide treatment and achieved complete remission. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage was the most frequent presentation of lung involvement in children with MPA, and tachypnea, cough, hemoptysis and anemia were the common clinical symptoms. The majority of these patients exhibited hematuria, proteinuria and renal insufficiency. The efficacy of steroid plus CTX or leflunomide was evident in these patients.</p></div

Relationship between lifestyles and socioeconomic status.^*

*<p>The data are presented as weighted prevalence rates (95% confidence intervals).</p

Clustering of four major CVD risk factors and lifestyle risk factors.^*

<p>CVD =  cardiovascular disease; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; NSAIDS = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; DASH = dietary approaches to stop hypertension.</p>*<p>The data are presented as odds ratios (95% confidence intervals); all p<0.001.</p>†<p>The variables in the fully adjusted models included age, sex, family history of premature diseases and all of the variables in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066780#pone-0066780-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Lung CT of MPA patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.

<p>(A): Shadows of gobbets (arrow) were observed in both lungs, and especially in the right one (patient 2). (B) and (C): Chest CT of patients 3 and 7, with ground glass opacity observed in the imaging. (D): Lung CT of patient 3 after 2 months of therapy, with the ground glass opacity having disappeared in contrast to 1B.</p

Distribution of four major CVD risk factors in the total sample.

<p>Grey represents the population with no defined CVD risk factors, and the other four colors represent the population with four different CVD risk factors. The numbers represent the number of individuals in the population with defined CVD risk factors in the respective regions.</p

Clinical featuresof the 9 MPA patients.

<p>ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CR, complete remission; CT, computerized tomography; CTX, cyclophosphamide; GFR, glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73m²); Hb, hemoglobin; Ht, height; KT, kidney transplantation; LEF, Leflunomide; MP, methylprednisolone; p-ANCA/MPO, perinuclear ANCA/myeloperoxidase; N, none or not detected; P, oral prednisone; <i>P</i>, percentile; PR, partial remission; Wt, weight.</p><p>Clinical featuresof the 9 MPA patients.</p

Summary of lab examination and pathology of 9 patients.

<p>BUN, blood urine nitrogen; C3, complement 3; CT, computerized tomography; CTX, cyclophosphamide; Hb, hemoglobin; p-ANCA/MPO, perinuclear ANCA/myeloperoxidase; N, none or not detected; c-ANCA/PR3, cytoplasmic ANCA/proteinase 3; Scr, serum creatinine (The ranges for children has been previously reported[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124352#pone.0124352.ref011" target="_blank">11</a>]); +, positive;-, negative.</p><p>Summary of lab examination and pathology of 9 patients.</p

Synthesis and Hydrodeoxygenation Activity of Carbon Supported Molybdenum Carbide and Oxycarbide Catalysts

Carbothermal hydrogen reduction (CHR) of ammonium heptamolybdate impregnated activated charcoal (AC) yields a mixed Mo₂C/MoO_<i>x</i>C_<i>y</i> catalyst. As the CHR temperature increases (from 600 to 800 °C) the Mo₂C content increases. At 675 °C graphite networks are generated that attach to the β-Mo₂C particles, and at ≥700 °C agglomeration and sintering occur, all of which decrease catalyst activity. An optimal CHR temperature of ∼650 °C is identified based on the catalyst activity for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 4-methylphenol (4-MP) at 350 °C and 4.3 MPa H₂ and the high selectivity for direct deoxygenation (DDO: to yield toluene) versus hydrogenation (HYD: to yield cyclohexane). The Mo₂C/MoO_<i>x</i>C_<i>y</i> catalysts have higher DDO selectivity than MoP, MoO₂, or MoS₂ when operated at similar conditions. The apparent activation energies for DDO (125 kJ/mol) and HYD (89 kJ/mol) are invariant among the catalysts with varying Mo₂C content, but the rate per g Mo correlates with the CO uptake. The fact that the kinetics are not strong functions of the CHR reduction temperature and hence relative content of Mo₂C versus MoO_<i>x</i>C_<i>y</i> suggests that the active site of the catalyst is a result of O adsorption and/or exchange with the catalyst during reaction, and these active sites occur on both Mo₂C and MoO_<i>x</i>C_<i>y</i> during the HDO reaction

Prevalence of CVD risk factor clustering by age and gender.

<p>The prevalence (and 95% confidence intervals) of clustering of CVD risk factors was calculated for various age groups and for both sexes (male or female). All prevalence rates were adjusted for synthesized weights.</p