255 research outputs found
Large-signal stability conditions for semi-quasi-Z-source inverters: switched and averaged models
The recently introduced semi-quasi-Z-source in- verter can be interpreted as
a DC-DC converter whose input- output voltage gain may take any value between
minus infinity and 1 depending on the applied duty cycle. In order to generate
a sinusoidal voltage waveform at the output of this converter, a time-varying
duty cycle needs to be applied. Application of a time-varying duty cycle that
produces large-signal behavior requires careful consideration of stability
issues. This paper provides stability results for both the large-signal
averaged and the switched models of the semi-quasi-Z-source inverter operating
in continuous conduction mode. We show that if the load is linear and purely
resistive then the boundedness and ultimate boundedness of the state
trajectories is guaranteed provided some reasonable operation conditions are
ensured. These conditions amount to keeping the duty cycle away from the
extreme values 0 or 1 (averaged and switched models), and limiting the maximum
PWM switching period (switched model). The results obtained can be used to give
theoretical justification to the inverter operation strategy recently proposed
by Cao et al. in [1].Comment: Submitted to the IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control, Florence, Italy,
201
Opportunistic Relaying in Wireless Networks
Relay networks having source-to-destination pairs and half-duplex
relays, all operating in the same frequency band in the presence of block
fading, are analyzed. This setup has attracted significant attention and
several relaying protocols have been reported in the literature. However, most
of the proposed solutions require either centrally coordinated scheduling or
detailed channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter side. Here, an
opportunistic relaying scheme is proposed, which alleviates these limitations.
The scheme entails a two-hop communication protocol, in which sources
communicate with destinations only through half-duplex relays. The key idea is
to schedule at each hop only a subset of nodes that can benefit from
\emph{multiuser diversity}. To select the source and destination nodes for each
hop, it requires only CSI at receivers (relays for the first hop, and
destination nodes for the second hop) and an integer-value CSI feedback to the
transmitters. For the case when is large and is fixed, it is shown that
the proposed scheme achieves a system throughput of bits/s/Hz. In
contrast, the information-theoretic upper bound of bits/s/Hz
is achievable only with more demanding CSI assumptions and cooperation between
the relays. Furthermore, it is shown that, under the condition that the product
of block duration and system bandwidth scales faster than , the
achievable throughput of the proposed scheme scales as .
Notably, this is proven to be the optimal throughput scaling even if
centralized scheduling is allowed, thus proving the optimality of the proposed
scheme in the scaling law sense.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, To appear in IEEE Transactions on Information
Theor
Throughput Scaling of Wireless Networks With Random Connections
This work studies the throughput scaling laws of ad hoc wireless networks in
the limit of a large number of nodes. A random connections model is assumed in
which the channel connections between the nodes are drawn independently from a
common distribution. Transmitting nodes are subject to an on-off strategy, and
receiving nodes employ conventional single-user decoding. The following results
are proven:
1) For a class of connection models with finite mean and variance, the
throughput scaling is upper-bounded by for single-hop schemes, and
for two-hop (and multihop) schemes.
2) The throughput scaling is achievable for a specific
connection model by a two-hop opportunistic relaying scheme, which employs
full, but only local channel state information (CSI) at the receivers, and
partial CSI at the transmitters.
3) By relaxing the constraints of finite mean and variance of the connection
model, linear throughput scaling is achievable with Pareto-type
fading models.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, To appear in IEEE Transactions on Information
Theor
A low-cost time-hopping impulse radio system for high data rate transmission
We present an efficient, low-cost implementation of time-hopping impulse
radio that fulfills the spectral mask mandated by the FCC and is suitable for
high-data-rate, short-range communications. Key features are: (i) all-baseband
implementation that obviates the need for passband components, (ii) symbol-rate
(not chip rate) sampling, A/D conversion, and digital signal processing, (iii)
fast acquisition due to novel search algorithms, (iv) spectral shaping that can
be adapted to accommodate different spectrum regulations and interference
environments. Computer simulations show that this system can provide 110Mbit/s
at 7-10m distance, as well as higher data rates at shorter distances under FCC
emissions limits. Due to the spreading concept of time-hopping impulse radio,
the system can sustain multiple simultaneous users, and can suppress narrowband
interference effectively.Comment: To appear in EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing (Special
Issue on UWB - State of the Art
Locating Depots for Capacitated Vehicle Routing
We study a location-routing problem in the context of capacitated vehicle
routing. The input is a set of demand locations in a metric space and a fleet
of k vehicles each of capacity Q. The objective is to locate k depots, one for
each vehicle, and compute routes for the vehicles so that all demands are
satisfied and the total cost is minimized. Our main result is a constant-factor
approximation algorithm for this problem. To achieve this result, we reduce to
the k-median-forest problem, which generalizes both k-median and minimum
spanning tree, and which might be of independent interest. We give a
(3+c)-approximation algorithm for k-median-forest, which leads to a
(12+c)-approximation algorithm for the above location-routing problem, for any
constant c>0. The algorithm for k-median-forest is just t-swap local search,
and we prove that it has locality gap 3+2/t; this generalizes the corresponding
result known for k-median. Finally we consider the "non-uniform"
k-median-forest problem which has different cost functions for the MST and
k-median parts. We show that the locality gap for this problem is unbounded
even under multi-swaps, which contrasts with the uniform case. Nevertheless, we
obtain a constant-factor approximation algorithm, using an LP based approach.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur
Controlled mobility in stochastic and dynamic wireless networks
We consider the use of controlled mobility in wireless networks where messages arriving randomly in time and space are collected by mobile receivers (collectors). The collectors are responsible for receiving these messages via wireless transmission by dynamically adjusting their position in the network. Our goal is to utilize a combination of wireless transmission and controlled mobility to improve the throughput and delay performance in such networks. First, we consider a system with a single collector. We show that the necessary and sufficient stability condition for such a system is given by ρ<1 where ρ is the expected system load. We derive lower bounds for the expected message waiting time in the system and develop policies that are stable for all loads ρ<1 and have asymptotically optimal delay scaling. We show that the combination of mobility and wireless transmission results in a delay scaling of Θ([1 over 1−ρ]) with the system load ρ, in contrast to the Θ([1 over (1−ρ)[superscript 2]]) delay scaling in the corresponding system without wireless transmission, where the collector visits each message location. Next, we consider the system with multiple collectors. In the case where simultaneous transmissions to different collectors do not interfere with each other, we show that both the stability condition and the delay scaling extend from the single collector case. In the case where simultaneous transmissions to different collectors interfere with each other, we characterize the stability region of the system and show that a frame-based version of the well-known Max-Weight policy stabilizes the system asymptotically in the frame length.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant CNS-0915988)United States. Army Research Office. Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (Grant W911NF-08-1-0238
Assessing Perceived Risk and STI Prevention Behavior: A National Population-Based Study with Special Reference to HPV
Aim: This thesis aims to provide a multidimensional assessment of infection risks and
to evaluate strategies for HPV prevention including vaccination with quadrivalent HPVvaccines,
dose-level vaccine effectiveness and condom use in high STI risk situations.
Methods: Multiple population-based registers and questionnaire responses provided data
for this thesis. Various multivariable and univariate regression models were fit.
Findings: Overall, quadrivalent HPV-vaccination was highly effective against genital
warts (GW) also referred to as condyloma, which is the first HPV disease endpoint
possible to measure. However, effectiveness was contingent upon young age-at-first
vaccination, with effectiveness declining steadily the older the age-at-first vaccination.
Among women above 20 years of age there was low to immeasurable effectiveness and
suggestive evidence vaccinations in this age group tended to reach women at high GW
risk. There were marked socioeconomic disparities in the opportunistic (on-demand with
co-pay) vaccination strategy evaluated, with women and girls who have parents with
the highest education level compared to the lowest having a 15 times greater likelihood
to be vaccinated (Study III). Once vaccination was initiated, however, high parental
education level was unrelated to vaccination completion. Maximum protection against
GW was found among girls vaccinated under the age of 17 who had received three doses
of the vaccine. No differences in effectiveness were found for girls who received twodoses
between ages 10-16 with that of those who received three-doses between ages 17-
19 (Study IV). GW affects more men than women in Sweden as of 2010 with 453 per
100 000 men and 365 per 100 000 women treated. A decline between 25-30% was seen
between 2006 and 2010 among women in the age groups with the highest vaccination
coverage. No decline was found amongst men and their GW incidence has steadily
increased between 2006 and 2010 (Study II). Reported condom use in high risk situations
was low among both men and women, with 41% of men and 34% of women reporting
always/almost always condom use with temporary partners. STI risk perception was also
low, with approximately 10% of sexually active respondents considering themselves at
large risk of contracting an STI. There was no association between men’s condom use and
their STI risk perception but there was an association for women (Study I).
Conclusions: Results suggest that males bear a substantial burden of HPV-related
condyloma where incidence has dropped among women. When planning HPVvaccination
among females, efforts should target girls under age 14 for maximum
effectiveness. Quadrivalent HPV-vaccination offers most protection against condyloma at
three doses. Gross social inequity was found with opportunistic HPV-vaccination. There
were large gender differences in factors associated with condom use in high risk situations
and STI risk perceptions
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