4 research outputs found
Global Impacts of a Bilateral Trade Policy on Ballast Water-Mediated Species Spread Risk: A Case Study of Sino-US Trade
A trade policy could generate both economic and environmental
impacts.
This work is focused on the impacts of a bilateral trade policy on
ballast water-mediated nonindigenous species (NIS) spread risk. Taking
the hypothetical Sino-US trade restriction as an example, we integrate
a computable general equilibrium model and a higher-order NIS spread
risk assessment model to examine the impacts of bilateral trade policy
on both the economy and NIS spread risks. We have two important findings.
First, the Sino-US trade restriction would cause decreases in NIS
spread risks to China and the US, as well as to three quarters of
worldwide countries/regions. However, the rest one fourth would experience
increased NIS spread risks. Second, the relationship between changes
in exports and changes in NIS spread risks might not be directly proportional.
This is observed with 46% of countries and regions that would see
their exports increase but their NIS spread risks drop, with positive
impacts on both their economies and environment under the Sino-US
trade restriction. These results reveal both broader global impacts
as well as the decoupled economic and ecological impacts of a bilateral
trade policy. These broader impacts demonstrate the necessity for
national governments, which are parties to bilateral agreements to
give due consideration to the economic and environmental impacts on
countries and regions outside of the agreement
Global Impacts of a Bilateral Trade Policy on Ballast Water-Mediated Species Spread Risk: A Case Study of Sino-US Trade
A trade policy could generate both economic and environmental
impacts.
This work is focused on the impacts of a bilateral trade policy on
ballast water-mediated nonindigenous species (NIS) spread risk. Taking
the hypothetical Sino-US trade restriction as an example, we integrate
a computable general equilibrium model and a higher-order NIS spread
risk assessment model to examine the impacts of bilateral trade policy
on both the economy and NIS spread risks. We have two important findings.
First, the Sino-US trade restriction would cause decreases in NIS
spread risks to China and the US, as well as to three quarters of
worldwide countries/regions. However, the rest one fourth would experience
increased NIS spread risks. Second, the relationship between changes
in exports and changes in NIS spread risks might not be directly proportional.
This is observed with 46% of countries and regions that would see
their exports increase but their NIS spread risks drop, with positive
impacts on both their economies and environment under the Sino-US
trade restriction. These results reveal both broader global impacts
as well as the decoupled economic and ecological impacts of a bilateral
trade policy. These broader impacts demonstrate the necessity for
national governments, which are parties to bilateral agreements to
give due consideration to the economic and environmental impacts on
countries and regions outside of the agreement
Global Impacts of a Bilateral Trade Policy on Ballast Water-Mediated Species Spread Risk: A Case Study of Sino-US Trade
A trade policy could generate both economic and environmental
impacts.
This work is focused on the impacts of a bilateral trade policy on
ballast water-mediated nonindigenous species (NIS) spread risk. Taking
the hypothetical Sino-US trade restriction as an example, we integrate
a computable general equilibrium model and a higher-order NIS spread
risk assessment model to examine the impacts of bilateral trade policy
on both the economy and NIS spread risks. We have two important findings.
First, the Sino-US trade restriction would cause decreases in NIS
spread risks to China and the US, as well as to three quarters of
worldwide countries/regions. However, the rest one fourth would experience
increased NIS spread risks. Second, the relationship between changes
in exports and changes in NIS spread risks might not be directly proportional.
This is observed with 46% of countries and regions that would see
their exports increase but their NIS spread risks drop, with positive
impacts on both their economies and environment under the Sino-US
trade restriction. These results reveal both broader global impacts
as well as the decoupled economic and ecological impacts of a bilateral
trade policy. These broader impacts demonstrate the necessity for
national governments, which are parties to bilateral agreements to
give due consideration to the economic and environmental impacts on
countries and regions outside of the agreement
Comprehensive Assessment for the Impacts of S/IVOC Emissions from Mobile Sources on SOA Formation in China
Semivolatile/intermediate-volatility organic compounds
(S/IVOCs)
from mobile sources are essential SOA contributors. However, few studies
have comprehensively evaluated the SOA contributions of S/IVOCs by
simultaneously comparing different parameterization schemes. This
study used three SOA schemes in the CMAQ model with a measurement-based
emission inventory to quantify the mobile source S/IVOC-induced SOA
(MS–SI-SOA) for 2018 in China. Among different SOA schemes,
SOA predicted by the 2D-VBS scheme was in the best agreement with
observations, but there were still large deviations in a few regions.
Three SOA schemes showed the peak value of annual average MS–SI-SOA
was up to 0.6 ± 0.3 μg/m3. High concentrations
of MS–SI-SOA were detected in autumn, while the notable relative
contribution of MS–SI-SOA to total SOA was predicted in the
coastal areas in summer, with a regional average contribution up to
20 ± 10% in Shanghai. MS–SI-SOA concentrations varied
by up to 2 times among three SOA schemes, mainly due to the discrepancy
in SOA precursor emissions and chemical reactions, suggesting that
the differences between SOA schemes should also be considered in modeling
studies. These findings identify the hotspot areas and periods for
MS–SI-SOA, highlighting the importance of S/IVOC emission control
in the future upgrading of emission standards