Probabilistic Remediation Evaluation Model for Chlorinated Solvents Considering Uncertainty

The complex processes and expensive costs of source and plume remediation of dense, non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) complicate the decision-making process for site remediation. Selection of remediation alternatives has been a big challenge due to the lack of tools that simultaneously evaluate the effectiveness of source and plume remediation and access the uncertainties in all major parameters. In this research, a new probabilistic remediation model, Probabilistic Remediation Evaluation Model for Chlorinated solvents sites (PREMChlor), has been developed. This is achieved through linking the analytical model REMChlor to a Monte Carlo modeling simulation package GoldSim via a FORTRAN Dynamic Link Library (DLL) application. PREMChlor can simultaneously evaluate the effectiveness of source and plume remediation considering the inherent uncertainties in all major parameters. In PREMChlor, all of the uncertain input parameters are treated as stochastic parameters represented by probability density functions (PDFs). The outputs from the PREMChlor model are probability distributions and summary statistics of those distributions. This new model considers common technologies for DNAPL source removal and dissolved plume treatment. A license-free file containing the graphical user interfaces has been generated to make the PREMChlor model available for use by others. In model demonstration, probabilistic simulations show the different probabilities of meeting a remediation goal for different combinations of source and plume remediation scenarios considering uncertainties in input parameters. The PREMChlor model has been applied to a trichloroethene (TCE) plume in a shallow aquifer at a manufacturing plant. The calibrated model using a deterministic approach is able to closely match the pre-remediation site condition. Probabilistic simulations predicting the effects of remediation show the overall uncertainty in TCE concentration propagates over time given uncertainties in key input parameters. Probabilistic simulations capture most uncertainties in key parameters based on estimated PDFs. The PREMChlor model has also been used to conduct sensitivity analyses by assessing the influence or relative importance of each input parameter on plume behavior, in terms of contaminant mass concentration, for three different plume types. It is found that the degree of influence of different input parameters on the contaminant mass concentration varies widely for different plume types. The overall uncertainty of the contaminant mass concentration is reduced greatly by the remediation effort in all three plume types

Response of temperate forest ecosystem services to rainfall: A case study in the forest nature reserves of northern China

In the context of global climate change, temperate forests in climate-sensitive areas are inevitably affected. To deepen the understanding of the impact on precipitation changes into the relationship between key ecosystem services (ESs), this study selected net primary productivity (NPP), soil conservation (SC) and water yield (WY) of temperate forest in northern China as objects, and the Spearman correlation test and redundancy analysis were applied to analyze the response of ESs relationship to precipitation gradient. The results show that precipitation is the meteorological factor with the greatest impact (contribution 21.2%, p<0.01) on ESs and their relationships in temperate forests. The 600-700 mm precipitation gradient is the key turning point in the change of ESs relationship of WY with NPP and SC. This indicates that attention should be paid to the spatial variation of the 600-700 mm precipitation region in the future warm-wet in northern China, which should be used as a dividing line of forest management and policy development. Based on the results, future restoration projects in northern temperate forest should focus on (1) in areas with less than 600-700 mm of precipitation, attention should be paid to the selection of tree species for afforestation to maintain regional water balance; (2) in areas with more than 700 mm of precipitation, soil and water conservation projects need to be planned, especially in mountainous area. The research can not only support the management of temperate forest ecosystems in northern China, but also provide reference to other forest ecosystems to cope with climate change

CodeFuse-13B: A Pretrained Multi-lingual Code Large Language Model

Code Large Language Models (Code LLMs) have gained significant attention in the industry due to their wide applications in the full lifecycle of software engineering. However, the effectiveness of existing models in understanding non-English inputs for multi-lingual code-related tasks is still far from well studied. This paper introduces CodeFuse-13B, an open-sourced pre-trained code LLM. It is specifically designed for code-related tasks with both English and Chinese prompts and supports over 40 programming languages. CodeFuse achieves its effectiveness by utilizing a high quality pre-training dataset that is carefully filtered by program analyzers and optimized during the training process. Extensive experiments are conducted using real-world usage scenarios, the industry-standard benchmark HumanEval-x, and the specially designed CodeFuseEval for Chinese prompts. To assess the effectiveness of CodeFuse, we actively collected valuable human feedback from the AntGroup's software development process where CodeFuse has been successfully deployed. The results demonstrate that CodeFuse-13B achieves a HumanEval pass@1 score of 37.10%, positioning it as one of the top multi-lingual code LLMs with similar parameter sizes. In practical scenarios, such as code generation, code translation, code comments, and testcase generation, CodeFuse performs better than other models when confronted with Chinese prompts.Comment: 10 pages with 2 pages for reference

Streams

Proceedings of the 2013 Georgia Water Resources Conference, April 10-11, 2013, Athens, Georgia.Stream flow routing process is an important step during the unimpaired flow (UIF) development for the surface water availability assessment of State of Georgia’s State Water Plan. In an ideal world, the hydrological routing provides a routed upstream flow that overlaps with the downstream flow in a perfect manner, with all of the peaks and valleys perfectly aligned between the two time series. However, it is practically impossible to achieve such ideal routing due to the incompleteness of stream flow observations and water use and the hydrological routing mechanism. This work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the stream flow routing process during the UIF development.Sponsored by: Georgia Environmental Protection Division; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service; Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Water Resources Institute; The University of Georgia, Water Resources Faculty.This book was published by Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2152. The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views

Using the USGS Dougherty Plain Groundwater Model for Ensemble Analysis

Proceedings of the 2011 Georgia Water Resources Conference, April 11, 12, and 13, 2011, Athens, Georgia.Up to this point, the USGS Dougherty Plain groundwater model has been used primarily to analyze the impact of groundwater irrigation on reduction of groundwater discharge into surface water stream flow. The original hydrologic conditions used in model were based on 2001 dry year data. In this study, additional dry year conditions, 2007, were developed. Effects of the same seasonal groundwater irrigation on stream flow reduction and stream-aquifer flow under 2007 and 2001 dry conditions were simulated and compared. It is found that stream flow reductions under 2007 and 2001 dry conditions are very close on a 10-month average basis and on a monthly basis, while the net flow discharges from the Floridan Aquifer to the streams are different. The net flow discharges are more sensitive to the changes in the modeled hydrologic conditions than stream flow reductions do. Upon data availability, changing the model inputs or boundary conditions can result in a host of potential responses from groundwater aquifers and surface water streams. This may in turn provide more insight when the model is used to advise water resource planning and management.Sponsored by: Georgia Environmental Protection Division U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Water Science Center U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Water Resources Institute The University of Georgia, Water Resources FacultyThis book was published by Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2152. The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views or policies of The University of Georgia, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Water Research Institute as authorized by the Water Research Institutes Authorization Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-307) or the other conference sponsors

Uncertainty Analysis of Unimpaired Flow and Monthly 7Q10

Proceedings of the 2011 Georgia Water Resources Conference, April 11, 12, and 13, 2011, Athens, Georgia.The basic hydrologic inputs to the surface water availability assessment of Statewide Water Management Plan, unimpaired flow (UIF) and monthly 7Q10, were developed with USGS flow data, water use data, reservoir operation data, etc. Uncertainties exist in all these input data and are propagated into the resulting UIF and monthly 7Q10 through the development process. The magnitude of uncertainty in all input data was determined and the amount of uncertainty in each step of the development process was analyzed. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to quantify the uncertainty in all input data and resulting UIF and monthly 7Q10. Our initial analyses indicate that the amount of uncertainty in both development of the UIF data and the development of monthly 7Q10’s is very small, and has no significant influence on modeling results of surface water availability assessment. The largest uncertainty in UIF and 7Q10 was contributed by stream flow data filling process.Sponsored by: Georgia Environmental Protection Division U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Water Science Center U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Water Resources Institute The University of Georgia, Water Resources FacultyThis book was published by Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2152. The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views or policies of The University of Georgia, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Water Research Institute as authorized by the Water Research Institutes Authorization Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-307) or the other conference sponsors

Rc-Embedded Ldmos-Scr With High Holding Current For High-Voltage I/O Esd Protection

A novel lateral diffusion MOS-embedded silicon-controlled rectifier with a high holding current (LDMOS-SCR-HHC) is proposed and verified in a 0.25-μ m 18-V Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS process. By adding an imbedded P+ region located next to the source region of an LDMOS-SCR and connecting the P+ region to the gate, the LDMOS-SCR-HHC exhibits a relatively HHC, small trigger voltage, and strong electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness. As such, the proposed LDMOS-SCR-HHC is an attractive device for constructing effective and latch-up immune ESD protection solutions for high-voltage I/O ports

Effects of the Type of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Hot-Pressing Temperature, and Moisture Content of Fermented Bamboo Residue on the Properties of Self-bonding Common Particleboards

Self-bonding bamboo particleboards were prepared via hot pressing of bamboo residue fermented by lactic acid bacteria. An orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate the effects of three factors (type of lactic acid bacteria used for fermentation, moisture content (MC) of the fermented residue, and hot-pressing temperature) on the resulting self-bonding particleboards. The bending strength and internal bonding strength of the prepared self-bonding particleboards were tested. Fracture characterization was performed on the cross-section of the prepared self-bonding particleboards after bending breakage. The hot-pressing temperature, moisture content (MC), and type of lactic acid bacteria of the fermented residue had a significant effect on the mechanical strength of self-bonding particleboards, and with increased hot-pressing temperature, the strength of self-bonding particleboards increased. Analysis of the cross-sectional morphology and porosity confirmed the significant effect of hot-pressing temperature on the density distribution of self-bonding particleboards. The self-bonding particleboard produced at the hot-pressing temperature of 180 °C, MC of 30%, and that used Lactobacillus plantarum as a fermentation strain showed the best overall performance and reached Chinese standard requirements for common particleboards

Key Factors Affecting Trigger Voltage Of Scrs For Esd Protection

A lateral silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR), a modified vertical SCR and a modified lateral SCR with the same device width are fabricated in a 0.25-μm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS high-voltage process. Key factors affecting the trigger voltage of SCRs are investigated by simulation and transmission line pulse tests. The simulation results show that the trigger voltage depends on the doping concentration, the space charge width and the vertical depth of the breakdown junction. The experimental results indicate that the trigger voltage can be decreased from 40 V to 15 V when the space charge width and the vertical depth of breakdown junction decrease appropriately