牛山英治が編纂した山岡鉄舟の伝記について

Table S8. Comparison of GD in different studies. MICN is an abbreviation of Modified introduction in China; TS is an abbreviation of Tropical/Subtropical; SS is an abbreviation of Stiff Stalk; NSS is an abbreviation of non-Stiff Stalk; HZS is an abbreviation of Huangzaosi. (XLSX 11 kb

Copper-Mediated Amidation of Alkenylzirconocenes with Acyl Azides: Formation of Enamides

Copper-mediated amidation of alkenylzirconocenes generated in situ from alkynes and zirconocenes with acyl azides is accomplished under mild conditions. The reaction can be used to prepare various enamides

Validation of Potential Reference Genes for qPCR in Maize across Abiotic Stresses, Hormone Treatments, and Tissue Types

<div><p>The reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a powerful and widely used technique for the measurement of gene expression. Reference genes, which serve as endogenous controls ensure that the results are accurate and reproducible, are vital for data normalization. To bolster the literature on reference gene selection in maize, ten candidate reference genes, including eight traditionally used internal control genes and two potential candidate genes from our microarray datasets, were evaluated for expression level in maize across abiotic stresses (cold, heat, salinity, and PEG), phytohormone treatments (abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, and gibberellins), and different tissue types. Three analytical software packages, geNorm, NormFinder, and Bestkeeper, were used to assess the stability of reference gene expression. The results revealed that elongation factor 1 alpha (<i>EF1α</i>), tubulin beta (<i>β-TUB</i>), cyclophilin (<i>CYP</i>), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (<i>EIF4A</i>) were the most reliable reference genes for overall gene expression normalization in maize, while <i>GRP</i> (Glycine-rich RNA-binding protein), <i>GLU1</i>(beta-glucosidase), and <i>UBQ9</i> (ubiquitin 9) were the least stable and most unsuitable genes. In addition, the suitability of <i>EF1α</i>, <i>β-TUB</i>, and their combination as reference genes was confirmed by validating the expression of <i>WRKY</i>50 in various samples. The current study indicates the appropriate reference genes for the urgent requirement of gene expression normalization in maize across certain abiotic stresses, hormones, and tissue types.</p></div

Gene expression stability and ranking of potential reference genes as calculated by geNorm.

<p>Samples are treated or directly harvested from the experimental conditions: (A) total, (B) abiotic stresses, (C) cold, (D) heat, (E)PEG, (F)salinity, (G) hormones, (H) different tissues.</p

Descriptions of candidate reference genes, their primer sequences, product sizes and amplicon characteristics.

<p>Descriptions of candidate reference genes, their primer sequences, product sizes and amplicon characteristics.</p

Determination of the optimal number of reference genes for normalization by pairwise variation using geNorm.

<p>Determination of the optimal number of reference genes for normalization by pairwise variation using geNorm.</p

Range of Ct values of the candidate reference genes obtained from all samples.

<p>Each box corresponding to <i>GAPDH</i>, <i>EF1α</i>, <i>ACT2</i>, <i>β-TUB</i>, <i>UBQ9</i>, <i>GRP</i>, <i>GLU1</i>, <i>CYP</i>, <i>EIF4A</i> and <i>UBQ7</i> indicates the 25% and 75% percentiles. Whiskers represent the maximum and minimum values. The median is depicted by the line across the box.</p

Relative quantification of <i>WRKY50</i> expression using the selected reference gene(s).

<p>Relate expression of <i>WRKY50</i> was normalized using the single most stable reference gene <i>EF1α</i>, <i>β-TUB</i> and their combination <i>EF1α</i> +<i>β-TUB</i> in sample sets across (A) abiotic stresses, (B) hormone application, and (C) different tissue types.</p

Ranking of candidate reference genes in order of their expression stability as calculated by BestKeeper.

<p>Ranking of candidate reference genes in order of their expression stability as calculated by BestKeeper.</p

Ranking of candidate reference genes according to their expression stability value calculated by NormFinder.

<p>Ranking of candidate reference genes according to their expression stability value calculated by NormFinder.</p