Comparison of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and Subjective image quality score for bronchial artery among images of three energy levels.

<p>Comparison of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and Subjective image quality score for bronchial artery among images of three energy levels.</p

Scoring criteria for bronchial artery.

<p>Scoring criteria for bronchial artery.</p

A 68 years old male patient with cancer in the right lung.

<p>(A) Axial image with region-of-interest indications for measuring CT number and standard deviation: bronchial artery blood vessels (blue), adjacent tissues in mediastinum (green), and subcutaneous fat on chest wall (purple). (B) Plot of contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR) as function of photon energy showing the optimal energy level of 63keV to obtain the highest CNR for the bronchial artery. (C) Volume-rendering (VR) 140kVp image with image quality score of 3. (D) VR image at 70 keV with image quality score of 4. (E) VR image at the optimal 63 keV with image quality score of 5.</p

GMars‑Q Enables Long-Term Live-Cell Parallelized Reversible Saturable Optical Fluorescence Transitions Nanoscopy

The recent development of reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) has promoted reversible saturable optical fluorescence transitions (RESOLFT) nanoscopy as a general scheme for live-cell super-resolution imaging. However, continuous, long-term live-cell RESOLFT nanoscopy is still hindered mainly because of the unsatisfactory properties of existing RSFPs. In this work, we report GMars-Q, a monomeric RSFP with low residual off-state fluorescence and strong fatigue resistance attributed to a biphasic photobleaching process. We further demonstrate that GMars-Q is particularly suitable for long-term parallelized RESOLFT nanoscopy as it supports an order of magnitude longer imaging durations than existing RSFPs. The excellent photophysical properties of GMars-Q also suggest that it would be of general interest for other RESOLFT nanoscopic methods

Enantio- and Diastereoselective Nitro-Mannich Reaction of α‑Aryl Nitromethanes with Amidosulfones Catalyzed by Phase-Transfer Catalysts

A high-yield, highly diastereo- and enantioselective nitro-Mannich reaction of α-aryl nitromethanes with amidosulfones catalyzed by a novel chiral phase-transfer catalyst, bearing multiple H-bonding donors, derived from quinine was developed. A variety of α-aryl nitromethanes and amidosulfones were investigated; and the corresponding products were obtained in excellent yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, > 99:1 dr and >99% ee). As a demonstration of synthetic utility, the resulting β-nitroamines could be converted to corresponding <i>meso</i>-symmetric and optically pure unsymmetric <i>anti</i>-1,2-diarylethylenediamines

GMars‑T Enabling Multimodal Subdiffraction Structural and Functional Fluorescence Imaging in Live Cells

Fluorescent probes with multimodal and multilevel imaging capabilities are highly valuable as imaging with such probes not only can obtain new layers of information but also enable cross-validation of results under different experimental conditions. In recent years, the development of genetically encoded reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) has greatly promoted the application of various kinds of live-cell nanoscopy approaches, including reversible saturable optical fluorescence transitions (RESOLFT) and stochastic optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). However, these two classes of live-cell nanoscopy approaches require different optical characteristics of specific RSFPs. In this work, we developed GMars-T, a monomeric bright green RSFP which can satisfy both RESOLFT and photochromic SOFI (pcSOFI) imaging in live cells. We further generated biosensor based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) of GMars-T which offers high specificity and sensitivity in detecting and visualizing various protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in different subcellular compartments under physiological conditions (e.g., 37 °C) in live mammalian cells. Thus, the newly developed GMars-T can serve as both structural imaging probe with multimodal super-resolution imaging capability and functional imaging probe for reporting PPIs with high specificity and sensitivity based on its derived biosensor

Base-Promoted Intermolecular Cyclization of Substituted 3‑Aryl(Heteroaryl)-3-chloro­acryl­aldehydes and Tetrahydro­isoquinolines: An Approach to Access Pyrrolo­[2,1‑<i>a</i>]­isoquinolines

We have developed a new base-promoted intermolecular cascade cyclization reaction of substituted 3-aryl­(heteroaryl)-3-chloroacryl­aldehydes and tetra­hydro­isoquinolines in one pot. The reaction provides a facile and practical synthesis of pyrrolo­[2,1-<i>a</i>]­isoquinolines. A number of pyrrolo­[2,1-<i>a</i>]­isoquinolines were synthesized in moderate to high yields (up to 97%)

GMars‑T Enabling Multimodal Subdiffraction Structural and Functional Fluorescence Imaging in Live Cells

Fluorescent probes with multimodal and multilevel imaging capabilities are highly valuable as imaging with such probes not only can obtain new layers of information but also enable cross-validation of results under different experimental conditions. In recent years, the development of genetically encoded reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) has greatly promoted the application of various kinds of live-cell nanoscopy approaches, including reversible saturable optical fluorescence transitions (RESOLFT) and stochastic optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). However, these two classes of live-cell nanoscopy approaches require different optical characteristics of specific RSFPs. In this work, we developed GMars-T, a monomeric bright green RSFP which can satisfy both RESOLFT and photochromic SOFI (pcSOFI) imaging in live cells. We further generated biosensor based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) of GMars-T which offers high specificity and sensitivity in detecting and visualizing various protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in different subcellular compartments under physiological conditions (e.g., 37 °C) in live mammalian cells. Thus, the newly developed GMars-T can serve as both structural imaging probe with multimodal super-resolution imaging capability and functional imaging probe for reporting PPIs with high specificity and sensitivity based on its derived biosensor

Base-Promoted Intermolecular Cyclization of Substituted 3‑Aryl(Heteroaryl)-3-chloro­acryl­aldehydes and Tetrahydro­isoquinolines: An Approach to Access Pyrrolo­[2,1‑<i>a</i>]­isoquinolines

We have developed a new base-promoted intermolecular cascade cyclization reaction of substituted 3-aryl­(heteroaryl)-3-chloroacryl­aldehydes and tetra­hydro­isoquinolines in one pot. The reaction provides a facile and practical synthesis of pyrrolo­[2,1-<i>a</i>]­isoquinolines. A number of pyrrolo­[2,1-<i>a</i>]­isoquinolines were synthesized in moderate to high yields (up to 97%)

GMars‑T Enabling Multimodal Subdiffraction Structural and Functional Fluorescence Imaging in Live Cells

Fluorescent probes with multimodal and multilevel imaging capabilities are highly valuable as imaging with such probes not only can obtain new layers of information but also enable cross-validation of results under different experimental conditions. In recent years, the development of genetically encoded reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) has greatly promoted the application of various kinds of live-cell nanoscopy approaches, including reversible saturable optical fluorescence transitions (RESOLFT) and stochastic optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). However, these two classes of live-cell nanoscopy approaches require different optical characteristics of specific RSFPs. In this work, we developed GMars-T, a monomeric bright green RSFP which can satisfy both RESOLFT and photochromic SOFI (pcSOFI) imaging in live cells. We further generated biosensor based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) of GMars-T which offers high specificity and sensitivity in detecting and visualizing various protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in different subcellular compartments under physiological conditions (e.g., 37 °C) in live mammalian cells. Thus, the newly developed GMars-T can serve as both structural imaging probe with multimodal super-resolution imaging capability and functional imaging probe for reporting PPIs with high specificity and sensitivity based on its derived biosensor