The Notion of Good and Bad Governance in Comparative Perspective

A governance crisis may not only be detrimental to public trust of the government, but can also be a source of economic stagnation and social instability. Good and bad governance has become an indispensable line of research in public management. Scholars and practitioners in public management are concerned about what makes some government institutions better than others. This paper first explores the theoretical evolution of the term governance as distinct from government. Second, it sorts out factors related to definitions and measurements of good and bad governance in comparative perspective based on two competing theoretical frameworks for understanding these concepts: principles and consequences. Third, it provides criteria for the notion of good and bad governance and argues that it is multidimensional, continuous rather than discrete, conditional, consequential, and empirical as well as philosophical. Finally, this paper identifies emerging challenges and opportunities for advancing understanding of good and bad governance.This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government (NRF-2010-330-B00031)

Collective Intelligence: An Emerging World in Open Innovation

Responding to the lack of empirical research on the effect of collective intelligence on open innovation in the fourth industrial revolution, we examined the relationship between collective intelligence and open innovation. Collective intelligence or crowd innovation not only produces creative ideas or inventions, but also moderates any firm to innovate inside-out, outside-in, or in a coupled manner. We asked the following research questions: Does collective intelligence (or crowd innovation) motivate open innovation? Is there any difference in the effect of collective intelligence on open innovation by industry? These research questions led to the following three hypotheses: (1) Collective intelligence increases the performance of a firm, (2) collective intelligence will moderate the effect of open innovation, and (3) differences exist between the automotive industry and the pharmaceutical industry in these two effects. To empirically examine these three hypotheses, we analyzed the registered patents of these two industries from 2000 to 2014 over a 15-year period. These automotive and pharmaceutical patents were registered in the B60 category and the A61K category of the Korea Patent office, respectively. Collective intelligence was measured by co-invention. We found differences in the effects of collective intelligence on open innovation between the two industries. In the automotive industry, collective intelligence not only directly increased the performance, but also indirectly moderated the open innovation effect. However, this was not the case for the pharmaceutical industry. © 2019 by the authors.1

Harnessing the value of open innovation: change in the moderating role of absorptive capability

<p>We answered to the research questions as follows. Has there been any change in the moderating effects of research and development (R&D) between open innovation (OI) and firms’ performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the South Korean manufacturing sector since the global financial crisis in 2007. And, if so, how about the changes? First, with the increase in OI of SMEs in the South Korean manufacturing sector, their performance moved in an inverted U-shaped curve in 2005, and 2014 altogether. Second, the R&D investment by SMEs in the South Korean manufacturing sector had a net effect on their performance in 2005, and 2014 altogether. Third, the R&D investment by SMEs in the South Korean manufacturing had accelerated the effect of OI on their performance in 2005. But, the R&D investment by SMEs in the South Korean manufacturing sector failed to moderate the effect of OI on their performance in 2014.</p

The influence of the gramm-rudman-hollings act on federal budgetary outcomes, 1986-1989

This article analyzes the impact of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings (GRH) Act on federal budgetary and fiscal outcomes. Rather than portraying it as a two-on federal budgetary and fiscal outcomes. Rather than portraying it as a two-party game between Congress and the president, each with monolithic policy preferences, we view GRH as a multiparty negotiation game among advocates of different programs and agencies. In this game, agencies subject to sequestration and their congressional advocates have an incentive to reach a budget accord, while those exempt from sequestration do not. Consistent with this argument, we find that GRH has restrained outlays for nonexempt programs and that exempt programs have, if anything, experienced more rapid growth. Overall, GRH is estimated to have restrained outlays by $59 billion by fiscal 1989, and to have restrained outlays more effectively after the 1987 modifications in the Act. The Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act signals another phase in the decade-long struggle between the White House and Congress over public spending priorities. Our final counterfactual analysis suggests that GRH partially returned federal fiscal and budgetary relationships and priorities to those that prevailed before Reagan.

The Signal of Post Catch-up in Open Innovation Dynamics

The digital transformation can serve as a window of opportunity for those late-comers who are equipped with the capability to create complementary assets for grabbing new opportunities of technological leapfrogging as a way of catch-up while penalising the forerunner. In this context, we want to answer the following research question. Is there any difference in open innovation effect on the firm according to the changing of belonging sectorial innovation system from catch-up to post-catch-up? We statistically analysed the moderating effects of open innovation between catching-up, and the performance with the patents which were registered in United States Patent and Trademark Office, which were applied from China in telecommunication, from South Korea in Semiconductors, and from Japan in biotechnology on 1995–1999, and 2005–2009. We found three results from this study: first, from this research, as the signal of post catching-up, open innovation effects on the performance of firm, and the moderating effects of open innovation between catching-up, and the performance of the firm were found; second, the appearance of new dominant design after post catching-up was explained through the powerful open innovation and third, open innovation could be a useful new strategy for firms in the post catching-up to use. © 2023 SAGE Publications.FALS

Collective Intelligence: The Creative Way from Knowledge to Open Innovation

This study aims to answer the following research question: Is there any difference in the effects of collective intelligence on the open innovation between before (2001–2005) and after (2011–2015) of the introduction of smartphones and crowd web services regarding electronics and mathematics? The research method of this study includes multiple regression analysis, including (1) the effect of collective intelligence on open innovation (i.e., the number of citations), (2) the effect of the amount of knowledge (i.e., the number of references) on open innovation and (3) the moderating effect of the amount of knowledge (i.e., the number of references) between collective intelligence and open innovation. The research scope of this study is Scopus published papers from two periods, namely, 2001–2005 and 2011–2015. The scope here is limited to mathematics and electronics. According to the research conducted here, if the amount of knowledge increases in an economic system, collective intelligence will increasingly motivate open innovation. The implication of this study is that there are diverse methods for collective intelligence to impact open innovation and the consequent results. © 2021 SAGE Publications.TRU