Analysis of gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers in patients with metabolic syndrome

Objectives: To assess associations between gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) markers in patients with metabolic syndrome, with or without concomitant periodontitis. Methods: A total of 95 patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) had a periodontal examination and gingival crevicular fluid samples taken. Proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was carried out by Human XL Cytokine protein arrays in 12 selected patients, followed by multiplex ELISA of 11 analytes in 95 participants. Results: Increased levels of Aggrecan, IL-6 and IL-8 were found in patients with periodontal health compared with moderate and severe periodontitis. The inverse stepwise association between severity of periodontitis and reduced Aggrecan levels was also observed at adjusted linear regression analysis. Diagnosis of diabetes was associated with higher GCF levels of IL-8 and MMP-8. Conclusion: Diabetes may affect GCF levels of cytokines, irrespective of periodontal status. Periodontal status may be associated with Aggrecan levels in the GCF of patients affected by metabolic syndrome. Clinical significance: Investigation of GCF biomarkers may potentially help have diagnostic potential in patients with MetS

Synthesis of transition state analogues designed to generate antibodies that catalyse the hydrolysis of cocaine

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN011062 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Elucidating the molecular healing of intrabony defects following non-surgical periodontal therapy: A pilot study

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the molecular healing of intrabony defects following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) using gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). BACKGROUND DATA: Currently limited information is available regarding the GCF of intrabony defects and the change in biomarker levels in the GCF at early time points following treatment interventions. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (Periodontitis Stage III or IV) who have received NSPT, contributing one intrabony defect and one healthy site were included in this study. GCF sampling was performed at baseline, 1 day, 5 days and 3 months after NSPT. Multiplex bead immunoassays allowed the profiling of GCF for 27 markers, associated with inflammation and repair/regeneration. A mixed effects model with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was employed to compare the changes in the levels of GCF markers over time. RESULTS: Following NSPT, changes were observed for several GCF markers, marked by significant increases 1 day post-intervention, before returning to baseline levels by 3 months. Specifically, GCF concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 and FGFb significantly increased 1 day after NSPT. Signs of activation of cellular senescence were observed 1 day following treatment of intrabony defects, rapidly regressing by 5 days. CONCLUSION: Significant molecular changes are observed as early as 1 day following NSPT in intrabony defects, along with activation of cellular senescence

Saliva and Serum Cytokine Profiles During Oral Ulceration in Behcet's Disease

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic, multi-systemic disorder of unknown aetiology typified by recurrent oral and genital mucocutaneous lesions, uveitis and vasculitis. Innate and adaptive immune system dysregulation has been implicated in pathogenesis with alterations in serum cytokine profiles. Few studies have investigated salivary cytokines in BD, despite more than 90% of BD patients first presenting with oral ulceration. The aim of this pilot study was twofold; firstly to investigate whether cytokine levels in matched serum and saliva samples show a differential profile in BD (with and without oral ulcers), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and healthy controls (HCs), and secondly, to explore if any differential profiles in serum and/or saliva could provide a panel of cytokines with diagnostic and therapeutic potential for BD. Concentrations of 12 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β) were measured using the Human Th1/Th2 11-Plex FlowCytomix™ kit with IL-17A, in BD (N=20), RAS (N=6) and HCs (N=10). A differential range of cytokines was detected in serum and saliva with the majority of cytokine levels higher in saliva. The most prevalent salivary cytokines were IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α present in all samples in contrast to serum where the most prevalent cytokine detected was IL-8 (91.9%). The least abundant cytokine was IFN-γ in both saliva (43.2%) and serum (2.7%). After normalizing saliva for protein content, BD patients with oral ulcers (BD-MA) had significantly higher levels of salivary IL-1β (p=0.01), IL-8 (p=0.02), TNF-α (p=0.004) and IL-6 (p=0.01) than HCs. Notably, BD patients without oral ulcers (BD-MQ) also had significantly higher salivary IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α (p ≤ 0.05) than HCs. During relapsed (BD-RE) and quiet (BD-Q) systemic episodes, salivary IL-β and TNF-α were also significantly increased with IL-8 significantly higher only in BD-Q (p=0.02). BD oral ulcers signify a potential reactivation of systemic inflammation. Identifying cytokines released during asymptomatic episodes and oral ulceration might lead to targeted drug therapy to prevent recurrent oral ulcers and possible disease relapse. This is the first study to report salivary cytokine levels in BD. The detectable levels suggests cytokine profiling of BD saliva may provide an alternative, less invasive, sensitive procedure for frequent monitoring of disease activity and progression