Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Wild Rose (Rosa canina L.) Gall Extracts against Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria

Background & Objectives: Treating infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a challenge and researchers are looking for new antimicrobial compounds. Galls are abnormal plant growths caused by biological agents and have active compounds. The present study was designed to examine the antibacterial effects of different extracts of wild rose gall (Rosa canina L.) against some pathogenic Gram-negative bacilli. Materials & Methods: Methanol, acetone, and aqueous extracts from galls were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined by agar well diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were assessed by  the microdilution method. The phytochemical composition of galls was investigated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Results: The inhibition zones of 500 mg/ml methanol extract of wild rose gall against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter bummani, Shigella sonei, and Salmonella typhi were 26.7, 25.0, 25.7, 25.7, 26.7, 23.7 and 18.3, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was directly related to their concentration. The extracts were active against all the pathogenic bacteria with average MICs ranging from 15.6 to 31.3 mg/ml.  The methanol extract of wild rose gall showed the highest bactericidal effect on P. aeruginosa and A. bummani at 62.5 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and octadecenoic acid were composed 36.66%, 14.40%, and 13.21% of total active compounds in wild rose gall. Conclusion: All of the wild rose gall extracts showed significant antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacilli. The antibacterial effects may be related to the high amounts of organic acids in wild rose gall extract

Antibacterial activity of methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts of Wild Rose gall against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis

Background and Objective: Nowadays, microorganisms have high resistance to antibiotics due to indiscriminate and unnecessary consumption. Treatment of infections caused by resistant bacteria has become difficult and expensive. Galls wild rose created by wasp's species Diplolepis mayri. This study was done to evaluate antibacterial activity of methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts of Wild Rose gall against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: In this experimental laboratory study, the methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts of wild rose galls in 15.6, 31.3, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/dl were prepared by Soxhlet apparatus. Antibacterial activity of extracts was determined using well diffusion. MIC and MBC were determined by microdilution method. The active compounds of gall were evaluated by GC-MS. Results: The inhibition zone of 500 mg/ml methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts of wild rose gall were 27.3, 26.7 and 20.0, respectively. The inhibition zone of wild rose gall was similar to imipenem (antibiotics). The extract concentration was related with antibacterial activity. The gall rose methanol extract showed the highest antibacterial effect. The MIC and MBC of methanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis was 62.5, 31.3 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that aqueous, methanol and acetone extracts of wild rose galls have strong antibacterial activity

Isolation and Detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and Its Distribution in Humans and Animals by Phenotypical and Molecular Methods in Ahvaz-Iran in 2015

Background: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae) is generally transmitted into the gastrointestinal tract of animals by the intake of contaminated food or water and causes great economic loss in agriculture worldwide. Some of the Erysipelothrix spp. are the causative agents of erysipeloid, which is an occupational infection in humans. The aim of the present study was to isolate E. rhusiopathiae from animals as well as the hands of the butchers working in Ahvaz, Iran, and to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics. Methods: Totally, 150 samples were taken from slaughterhouse workers, fishermen, and livers and hearts of sheep and calves by the swabbing method. Phenotypical methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the isolation and identification of E. rhusiopathiae. The isolates were tested for their susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion protocol described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Out of the 150 samples examined via phenotypical and biochemical tests, 16 samples were positive as putative Erysipelothrix spp. twelve cases out of the 16 putative Erysipelothrix spp. were confirmed by PCR. The tested isolates were highly sensitive to the antibiotics used. The results of the sensitivity and specificity of PCR revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of indirect PCR were higher than those of direct PCR. Conclusion: E. rhusiopathiae is widely distributed on seafood and presents as a commensal pathogen in nature and animals. Infection with this microorganism should be emphasized because it is a rare organism causing severe infections such as infectious endocarditis and polyarthritis following localized infections