The correlation between unexplained infertility and exosomes

Objectives: Endometrial receptivity plays the most important role for successful implantation. Increasing endometrialreceptivity may improve infertility and increase Assisted Reproductive Technologies success. The aim of this study was toinvestigate the effect of exosome specific markers CD63 and CD9 which are promising molecules in the pathogenesis andtreatment of many diseases on endometrial receptivity in women with unexplained infertility.Material and methods: This prospective study was conducted between November 2015 and March 2017. Proliferationand secretion periods of endometrial samples from fertile and infertile cases were collected. The paraffin-embeddedtissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for the immunohistochemical analysis distributions of CD63 and CD9.Results: The results of this study demonstrated that the CD63 immunoreactivity was higher in both luminal and glandularepithelium of infertile patients when compared with fertile patients during the proliferative phase (p = 0.009, p = 0.008). Inthe infertile proliferation phase, endometrium CD9 immunoreactivity was rarely detected in both the luminal and glandularepithelium. In the secretion phase of endometrium, CD9 immunoreactivity was mild in fertile patients, the increasedimmunoreactivity of CD9 was observed in both luminal and glandular epithelium of infertile patients (p = 0.037, p = 0.037).Conclusions: Increased levels of CD63 in infertile proliferation phase endometrium should represent an unfavorablesignaling. Moreover, the increased levels of CD9 in infertile secretion phase endometrium could be used as a biomarkerto evaluate endometrial receptivity. These exosome-specific markers can be considered as potential molecular markersof infertility

Is Acteoside Effects on Colon Cancer Stem Cells Via Inflamation or Apoptosis?

AIM: Colon cancer is one of the main health problems worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are referred to as tumor-initiating cells involved in tumor heterogeneity and dormancy. CSCs can cause drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence of primary and metastatic cancers. The interactions and survival trends of colon cancer stem cells with other cells may be an alternative route for effective treatment. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of asteoside on stem cell properties, apoptotic and inflammatory processes in primary (HCT-116) and metastatic (Colo-741) colon CSCs. METHERIALS AND METHODS: CSCs were obtained from both types of colon cancer cell lines with the MINIMACS system using the anti-CD133 reagent. Metastatic Colo-741 and non-metastatic HCT-116 CD133+ and CD133- cells were cultured with or without Acteoside for 48 hours. Expressions of Caspase-3, Bcl, Bax, and Fas-L for apoptosis, and IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL8 and IL-10 for inflammation were analyzed by indirect immunocytochemistry technique by performing H-Score. Changes in cell morphology were examined under an inverted microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was observed that Oct-4 expression decreased after acteocyte administration in both metastatic and non-metastatic colon cancer cells. In addition, Colo-741 increased the intensity of the Bax/Bcl ratio in both CD133+ and CD133- cells and increased caspase 3 expression. While acteoside did not immunohistochemically affect inflammation in metastatic COLO-741 cells, it contributed to the apoptotic process by changing the Bax/Bcl ratio. When the morphology of the cells was evaluated, it was observed that the number of apoptotic cells increased in COLO-741 CD133+ and CD133- cells

Resveratrol modulates miRNA machinery proteins in different types of colon cancer cells

Resveratrol (RSV) is a stilbenoid compound that shows anticancer activity in many cancer cells. Exosomes might affect carcinogenesis and the development of colorectal cancer by affecting communication between tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment via their cargo content miRNA. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of RSV on the expression of Dicer, Ago2, eIf2α, CD-9, CD-63, and exosomal miRNA levels in COLO320 and COLO741 colon cancer cell lines