Interrogating Psycho-Social Problems of Muslim Women The Indian Experience

Abstract The present paper is an endeavour to examine and emphasize the issues of psycho-social circumstances of Indian Muslim women in sociological perspective with special indication to their socio-economic, employment, educational attainment, rights and privileges, hindrances and restrictions, role Introduction The all-round development of a nation largely depends upon strapping up the skilfulness and abilities of all segments of society regardless of of caste, class, colour, creed and of course sexual category. On the other hand women discriminated against for ages and also have been suffering from given unequal treatment in connection with prospects, privileges, rights and status in numerous socio-economic and cultural spheres in the society. Devoid of concerning women in the programmes and performances of development, not simply obstruct their own development, social change and mobility towards social progress but also have an effect on the development of the entire nation (Azim 1997, 11). The concern of women's studies, having its fundamental objective to accumulate information on women and to explore their social position as well as problems and prospects, is attaining a great deal of magnitude during recent times in social scientific research and discourse. The ultimate objective of this sort of study is to empower the women in their movement for liberation and struggle in opposition to inequity. Again despite the fact that owing to divergence in culture and tradition, the status of women differs from society to society. In this regard women's studies have also an immense importance in generating awareness about the multi-dimensional roles played by the women and their diverse social position in diverse societies from an empirical point of view. Taking into consideration the theoretical and methodological outlooks of the studies of women, the subject is prevalently designated as gender studies instead of women's studies in contemporary time. Gender is a socially constructed roles, responsibilities and relations which are assigned to both men and women in the society creating inequities among them and the key subject matter o

Current research and development status of corrosion behavior of automotive materials in biofuels

The world’s need for energy is increasing with the passage of time and the substantial energy demand of the world is met by fossil fuels. Biodiesel has been considered as a replacement for fossil fuels in automotive engines. Biodiesels are advantageous because they provide energy security, they are nontoxic, renewable, economical, and biodegradable and clean sources of energy. However, there are certain disadvantages of biodiesels, including their corrosive, hygroscopic and oxidative natures. This paper provides a review of automotive materials when coming into contact with biodiesel blended fuel in terms of corrosion. Biodiesels have generally been proved to be corrosive, therefore it is important to understand the limits and extents of corrosion on different materials. Methods generally used to find and calculate corrosion have also been discussed in this paper. The reasons for the occurrence of corrosion and the subsequent problems because of corrosion have been presented. Biodiesel production can be carried out by different feedstocks and the studies which have been carried out on these biodiesels have been reviewed in this paper. A certain number of compounds form on the surface of materials because of corrosion and the mechanism behind the formation of these compounds along with the characterization techniques generally used is reviewed