LINSEED OIL SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE AND TISSUE LIPASE ACTIVITIES IN PREGNANT OBESE RATS AND THEIR OFFSPRING.

Objective: The aim of the present work was to study how maternal dietary linseed oil modulates lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and adipose tissue lipase responses to cafeteria diet in rats during pregnancy and lactation and their offspring at weaning and adulthood.Methods: The dams were fed a control (C) or a Cafeteria (CAF) diet enriched or non-enriched with linseed oil at 2, 5%. Changes in serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, liver and adipose tissue lipids, LCAT, adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activities were determined at the end of the experiment.Results: The cafeteria diet led to higher energy intake, body weight, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, liver and adipose TC and TG contents and LPL activity in dams and their pups. Pregnant and lactating mothers showed lower HSL activity with any changes in serum LCAT activity. In contrast, their offspring at day 90 had a significant increase in HSL activity and a decrease in LCAT activity. Linseed oil (LO) supplementation modulates liver and adipose tissue TC and TG contents in both control and obese dams and their offspring, with beneficial effects resulting in lower body weight, decreased in TC,TG, low density lipoprotein-high density lipoprotein1(LDL-HDL1-C), increased in HDL2,3-C,serum LCAT activity and up-regulated lipolytic enzyme activities.Conclusion: The supplement of linseed oil in the diet of pregnant and lactating dams is effective in amelioration of lipid profile and modulation of enzyme activities in these dams and their offspring which might contribute to prevent obesity and dyslipidemia.Keywords: Linseed oil, Cafeteria diet, Lipid, Enzymes, Pregnancy, Offsprin

Clinical interests of the study of adaptive oxidative /nitrosative stress in breast and ovarian cancer before and under chemotherapy– A case control Study-

Background: Breast and ovarian cancer are most common female cancer in Algeria in terms of incidence and mortality. Cancer cells are exposed to higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) whose levels support death evasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Less interest has been given to changes ROS homeostasis in cancer therapy. In this study, we investigate redox homeostasis before and after treatment (BT, AT), to determine detrimental or beneficial outcomes in cancer therapy. Methods: Cancer patients were recruited at the Hospital of Maghnia with the engaging of healthy controls. Serum biochemical parameters and oxidant/antioxidant markers were determined. Results:Our findings showed oxidative stress (OS) reflected by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl proteins (CP), superoxide anion (O2-), nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) levels and a decrease in vitamins C and glutathione (GSH), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in cancer patients BT. After treatment (AT), levels of MDA, CP, O2-, NO , ONOO- were maintained high and/or increase vis-à-vis patients BT. The lowered activities of SOD, catalase and GHS level BT, heightened in cancer cases AT. Cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid levels were increased in BC. Uric acid levels were markedly reduced in OC patients. HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in both cancer patients. Conclusion: Metabolic perturbations occurred with oxidative stress which highlights an adaptive appearance vis-à-vis of treatments. As a double-edged sword, redox-signalling markers may represent a crucial point and could be the future targets for anticancer drug research. &nbsp

Effects of maternal linseed oil supplementation on oxidative stress markers in cafeteria diet induced obese rats

We investigated the role of dietary linseed oil in the modulation of biochemical parameters and oxidant/antioxidant markers in cafeteria-induced obese rats and their offspring. Female wistar rats were fed on control or cafeteria diet, supplemented or not with linseed oil (5%) for one month before and during the gestation. At parturition, the mothers and their offspring were killed. Weight gain, food intake, serum biochemical and oxidant/antioxidant markers were determined. Cafeteria diet induced a significant increase in body weight, food intake and adverse alterations in biochemical parameters such as an increase in serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and oxidant markers. Linseed oil supplementation induced a reduction in weight gain, serum lipids and a modulation of oxidative stress, improving metabolic status. In conclusions, linseed oil displayed remarkable health benefits by decreasing plasma and oxidant/antioxidant markers in both obese mothers and their newborns

Consommation alimentaire de femmes enceintes obèses (Tlemcen, 2008-2010) [Food consumption of obese pregnant women (Tlemcen, 2008-2010)]

Résumé Introduction. L’obésité maternelle, caractérisée par des désordres nutritionnels, se traduit par des déséquilibres dans les apports en macro et/ou micronutriments, qui sont à l’origine de multiples troubles métaboliques maternels, mais aussi des répercussions sur l’unité foeto-placentaire. Objectif. L’objectif de ce travail est l’évaluation de la consommation alimentaire chez des femmes enceintes (témoins et obèses) de la région de Tlemcen, afin de contribuer à la connaissance des habitudes alimentaires chez les femmes au cours de leur grossesse. Matériel et méthodes. Cette étude a été réalisée, entre 2008 et 2010, sur des femmes enceintes (150 femmes normo-pondérées et 90 femmes obèses). L’enquête nutritionnelle comprend un questionnaire de rappel des 24 heures où la consommation journalière des principaux nutriments est estimée à l’aide d’un programme nutritionnel intégrant la composition des différents types d’aliments. Un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire (consommation moyenne des aliments groupés par famille) et un questionnaire Baromètre santé nutrition explorent les comportements alimentaires basés sur des repères de consommation équilibrée chez le groupe étudié. Résultats. L’enquête nutritionnelle révèle chez les femmes enceintes obèses une augmentation significative de l’apport énergétique total, conséquence d’une consommation excessive de nutriments riches en énergie (glucides simples, acides gras saturés et cholestérol). L’évaluation des apports en micronutriments montre une surconsommation de sodium et de potassium et une carence en calcium, vitamines C, E, B9 et B12. De plus, l’évaluation qualitative a révélé que l’obésité maternelle est marquée par des altérations de la consommation alimentaire habituelle. Conclusion. L’obésité maternelle pré-gestationnelle est associée à de multiples troubles nutritionnels néfastes pour le déroulement de la grossesse mais aussi responsables d’anomalies du développement fœtal. Une prise en charge pluridisciplinaire des femmes obèses, avant et pendant leur grossesse, est nécessaire à l’instauration d’une meilleure prévention nutritionnelle des pathologies liées à l’obésité dans la politique de santé publique.[Abstract Introduction. Maternal obesity, characterized by nutritional disorders, results in imbalanced macro and/or micronutrient intakes, which are at the origin of multiple maternal metabolic disorders, but also the repercussions on the foeto-placental unit. Objective. The objective of this study was assess the dietary consumption in pregnant women (controls and obeses) of the region of Tlemcen, to contribute to the knowledge of the dietary habits among women during their pregnancy. Material and methods. This study was conducted between 2008 and 2010, on pregnant women (150 with normal weight and 90 obese). The nutrition survey included a 24-hour recall questionnaire, where daily consumption of the main nutrients was estimated using a nutritional program incorporating the composition of different types of food. A food frequency questionnaire (average consumption of food grouped by family) and a health barometer nutrition questionnaire explored eating behaviors based on benchmarks of balanced consumption in the group studied. Results. The nutrition survey revealed that obese pregnant women had a significant increase in total energy intake, resulting of excessive consumption of energy-rich nutrients (simple carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol). The micronutrient intakes showed an overconsumption of sodium and potassium, and a deficiency of calcium, vitamins C, E, B9 and B12. In addition, the qualitative evaluation revealed that maternal obesity was marked by alterations in usual food consumption. Conclusion. Pre-gestational maternal obesity is associated with multiple nutritional disorders that are harmful for the pregnancy course, but also responsible for abnormalities in fetal development. Multidisciplinary care of obese women, before and during their pregnancy, is necessary for a better nutritional prevention of obesity-related pathologies in public health policy.

Interrelations Between Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Obese Women with Two Complications (Hypertension, Diabetes)

Background and aims: Interaction between oxidative stress and inflammation has not been comprehensively investigated in the association obesity – diabetes - hypertension. Our aim was to investigate interrelations between inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in obese women with two complications (hypertension, type 2 diabetes)

In vitro effects of vitamins C and E, n-3 and n-6 PUFA and n-9 MUFA on placental cell function and redox status in type 1 diabetic pregnant women.

IF 2.972International audienceThe aim of this investigation was to determine the in vitro effects of vitamin C and E, n-3 and n-6 PUFA and n-9 MUFA on placental cell proliferation and function in type 1 diabetes. Placenta tissues were collected from 30 control healthy and 30 type 1 diabetic women at delivery. Placental cells were isolated and were cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with vitamin C (50 μM), vitamin E (50 μM), n-3 PUFA (100 μM), n-6 PUFA (100 μM) or n-9 MUFA (100 μM). Cell proliferation, cell glucose uptake and intracellular oxidative status were investigated. Our results showed that basal placental cell proliferation, glucose uptake, malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl proteins were higher while intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase activities were lower in placentas from diabetic women as compared to controls. Vitamins C and E induced a modulation of placental cell proliferation and glucose consumption without affecting intracellular redox status in both diabetic and control groups. N-3 and n-6 PUFA diminished placental cell proliferation and enhanced intracellular oxidative stress while n-9 MUFA had no effects in the two groups. Co-administration of n-3 or n-6 PUFA and vitamin C or E were capable of reversing back the PUFA-decreased cell proliferation and normalizing placental cell function and redox status especially in diabetes. In conclusion, PUFA and antioxidant vitamin combinations may be beneficial in improving placenta function and in reducing placental oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic pregnancy

Potential bioactive glycosylated flavonoids as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors: A molecular docking and simulation studies

A novel coronavirus responsible of acute respiratory infection closely related to SARS-CoV has recently emerged. So far there is no consensus for drug treatment to stop the spread of the virus. Discovery of a drug that would limit the virus expansion is one of the biggest challenges faced by the humanity in the last decades. In this perspective, to test existing drugs as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease is a good approach. Among natural phenolic compounds found in plants, fruit, and vegetables; flavonoids are the most abundant. Flavonoids, especially in their glycosylated forms, display a number of physiological activities, which makes them interesting to investigate as antiviral molecules. The flavonoids chemical structures were downloaded from PubChem and protease structure 6LU7 was from the Protein Data Bank site. Molecular docking study was performed using AutoDock Vina. Among the tested molecules Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside showed the highest binding affinity (-9,7 kcal/mol). Docking studies showed that glycosylated flavonoids are good inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 protease and could be further investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments for further validation. MD simulations were further performed to evaluate the dynamic behavior and stability of the protein in complex with the three best hits of docking experiments. Our results indicate that the rutin is a potential drug to inhibit the function of Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL pro) of Coronavirus

The effects of alpha-cypermethrin exposure on biochemical and redox parameters in pregnant rats and their newborns

IF 2.388International audiencePyrethroid insecticides are extensively used in agriculture and in household activities. During pregnancy, they might affect maternal metabolic status and there after fetal development. In this work, we studied metabolic and redox effects of low dose alpha-cypermethrin exposure in pregnant rats and their offspring. The diet containing alpha cypermethrin at 0.02 mg/kg/day was consumed during the entire gestation. Plasma biochemical parameters as well as liver lipid and oxidative stress markers were determined. Our results showed that alpha-cypermethrin induced an increase in body weight and in plasma glucose and lipid levels, as well as in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities in pregnant rats and their newborns. Pregnant rats showed cellular oxidative stress and altered oxidant antioxidant status when treated by the insecticide and these disturbances were also seen in their newborns. In conclusion, low dose alpha-cypermethrin exposure induced several metabolic and redox alterations leading to maternal physiological impairments and to fetal metabolic changes. Alpha-cypermethrin should be used with caution especially during pregnancy. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved