La répression du banditisme en Grande-Bretagne aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles

M. Heam, Repression of banditism in Great Britain in the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries. We have here first a description of the Watchward system in the City of London. Theese watchmen were certainly too oJd and neglectful against to many gangs of criminals, especially in the memorable time of Jonathan Wild. In the country, the highwayman Act of 1692 and the Tyburn Ticket 'Acts gave new possibilities to arrest bandits and thieves, but in case of riots, authorities were obliged to call for the milice. In london, we must wait until the second half of the XVIIIth century to see a real municipal police in London. It was the great work of the Heldings brothers and the Bow Street Police Office. The third part of this article looks at the Scottish anarchy and the formation of the six military companies of 1725. Then came the great transformations with general George Wade in Scotland.Haem Mark. La répression du banditisme en Grande-Bretagne aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles. In: Revue du Nord, tome 59, n°234, Juillet-septembre 1977. pp. 365-375

Awas! Illegal Wedding: dari Penghulu Liar hingga Perselingkuhan

xxx + 276 hal.; 14 cm

Longitudinal standards for growth velocity of infants from birth to 4 years born in West Azerbaijan Province of northwest Iran

OBJECTIVES: Growth velocity is an important factor to monitor for appropriate child growth. This study presents the growth velocity of infants based on length, weight, and head circumference. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 308 neonates (160 boys and 148 girls) born in West Azerbaijan Province of northwestern Iran who were followed from birth for 4 years. The weights and lengths of the subjects were recorded at birth, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9 months, and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 years of age, while the head circumferences were measured just up to 1.5 years of age. In this study, the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method using LMS Chartmaker Pro (Institute of Child Health, London, UK) was utilized to obtain growth velocity percentiles. RESULTS: After obtaining growth velocity charts for weight, length, and head circumference (5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles), the researchers could deduce that there was a sharp decrease in the velocity growth charts from birth to 2 years of age but these charts remained relatively stable up to 4 years for both sexes. Growth velocities for the length and weight of boys in the present sample are slightly but not significantly greater than those in girls through the first months of infancy and there was no significant difference between girls and boys up to 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: This paper provided the first local growth velocity standards of length, weight, and head circumference for infants by analyzing longitudinal measurements produced for West Azerbaijan Province, which should be updated periodically. It seems that there has been a significant difference between the growth velocity of infants in northwestern Iran and southern Iran within the past few years

An Approach to the Patient with Non-Surgical Bleeding and a Normal Coagulation Screen

In the context of non-surgical bleeding, an initial coagulation screen is useful as a guide to further management. It usually consists of platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and fibrinogen level. When the results are normal, underlying coagulation disorders which evade the scope of the initial coagulation screen are suspected. With the knowledge of the principles of the tests used for the initial coagulation screen and the awareness of the rare coagulation disorders which will not affect the initial results, a systematic approach can be applied in the management of such patients. This review aims to highlight the importance of pitfalls in the interpretation of the initial coagulation screening results and provides a brief summary on the coagulation disorders without a deranged initial coagulation screen

Utilization of Biotechnology, Neurotransmitter and Cytogenetic Indices in Selecting Pigeon Breeds

ABSTRACT Investigations into LDH-A and DR-D4 genes polymorphism, neurotransmitter values and cytogenetic indices of 3 sexed pigeon breeds; non-racing pigeons, (wild rock), racing long distances pigeons (Jan Aarden) and racing short distances pigeons (Janssen) have been performed. The long-distances pigeon showed the highest brain neurotransmitters concentration (p<0.001) among pigeon breeds. Both LDH-A and DR-D4 genes polymorphism indicate the presence of different biodiversity values among pigeon breeds. The variations appeared on the position length 389bp for LDH-A polymorphism, and on two positions length of 418bp and 524bp for DR-D4 polymorphism of long distances male pigeon indicate the presence of unique diversity and overall differences in the amino acids structure in this breed. The protein sequence of both genes showed that in the position of 60 for LDH-A gene the amino acid K (lys) was converted to E (glu), while, in the positions of 117 and 153 for DR-D4 gene the amino acid R (arg) and L (leu) were converted to S (ser) and F (phe) only in long distances male pigeon compared to the other breeds. Moreover, there were slight differences in cytogenetic indices detected among the three pigeon breeds. It can be concluded that both DR-D4 and LDH-A genes polymorphism and neurotransmitters estimations in the brain tissue of racing pigeon would be useful indices for the differentiation and genetic characterization of pigeon breeds and provide a foundation for developing sustainable genetic improvement and conservation programs of the breeding and selecting racing pigeon breeders