Interaksi AtMEK1-EXGT Pada Arabidopsis Thaliana Pada Saat Terjadi Pelukaan

Proteininteractions occur within cellular level of stimulated plantcells to relay signals from receptors to production of response.AtMEK1-EXGT interaction had been detected in nontreatedArabidopsis. In this research, interaction betweenAtMEK1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase ofArabidopsis thaliana, and EXGT, endoxyloglucan transferase,after the plant was wounded was examined usingco-immunoprecipitation and in vitro phosphorylation assay.The results demonstrated that EXGT interact with AtMEK1soon after and 10 minutes after wounding. In addition,AtMEK1 phosphorylation activity increased when increasedlevel of EXGT was incorporated into the reaction mixture.These indicate that EXGT amplifies wound-caused phosphorylationactivity of AtMEK1. The results elucidate part ofthe AtMEKK1-AtMEK1-AtMPK4 cascade which is stimulatedby wounding. How the complex interaction between EXGT,AtMEK1 and AtMPK4 fits within the cascade is remained tobe uncovered

Optimasi Sistem Regenerasi Dan Transformasi Padi Varietas Elit Indonesia

New ricevariety can be generated by means of transgenic approach.Transgenic rice researches have been conducted in manyinstitutions worldwide using Japonica, Indica, and Javanicavarieties. The most cultivated rice in Indonesia is Indica.Indica type is known to have low responsive tissues inculture and transformation media when compared toJaponica rice. This research activity is aimed to optimizeregeneration and transformation systems of the Indonesianelite rice varieties, so that good method can be achieved tobe used in the generation of transgenic elite rice varieties ofIndica type. The research consisted of two activities:regeneration and transformation optimizations in varieties ofDodokan (upland rice) and Inpari 6 (irrigated rice).Immature embryo was used as the explant in this research.The optimization studies used 2 types of media, NBH (N6salts and vitamins, cassamino acid 0.5 g/l, L-proline 0.5 g/l,sucrose 20 g/l, D-glucose 10 g/l, 2.4-D 2 mg/l, NAA 1 mg/l, BA1 mg/l, agarose Type I 5.5 g/l) and NBH-M (N6 macro salts,B5 micro salts, and vitamins, 0.3 g/l cassamino acid, 3 g/l Lproline,20 g/l sucrose, 3 mg/l 2.4-D, 1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP,5.5 agarose Type I), 2 types of regeneration media, R1 (MSbase media and vitamis, 0.3 g/l glutamine, 30 g/l sucrose, 2mg/l kinetin, 1 mg/l NAA, 3 g/l phytagel) and R2 (MS basemedia and vitamins, 2 g/l cassamino acid, 20 g/l sucrose, 30mg/l sorbitol, 2.5 mg/l kinetin, 0.25 mg/l NAA, 3 g/l phytagel).Optimization transformation of Indonesian elite rice varietiesused developed an empty plasmid pCAMBIA 1301 containinghpt gene. The transformation was conducted using twotypes of co-cultivation media, K1 (N6 macro salts, B5 microsalts, and vitamins, 0.5 g/l cassamino acid, 0.5 g/l L-proline,20 g/l sucrose, 10 g/l glucose, 2 mg/l 2.4-D, 1 mg/l NAA, 1mg/l BAP, 0.1 mM acetosyringone) and K2 (N6 macro salts,B5 micro salts, and vitamins, 0.5 g/l cassamino acid, 0.5 g/l Lproline,20 g/l sucrose, 10 g/l glucose, 2 mg/l 2.4-D, 1 mg/lNAA, 1 mg/l BAP, 0.2 mM acetosyringone). The resultsshowed that Inpari 6 could form embryonic calli in NBHmedia and further regenerated well in R1 media (13.8%).The co-cultivation media K1 generated more selected calliwhich then generated green plant of young embryocompared to K2. Inpari 6 showed higher regeneration ratesafter transformation (3.6%) compared to Dodokan (0%).Molecular analysis showed that all 11 transformants (Inpari6) tested contained the hpt gene. These results are expectedto support the development of transgenic Indica ricegeneration in Indonesia

Pembentukan Populasi Mutan Azospirillum Dengan Menggunakan Transposon Untuk Sifat Superior Terhadap Pelarutan P

Azospirillum sp. which has the ability for nitrogenfixation and phosphate solubilization may support modernfarming in Indonesia that is mostly dependent on the USAgeof chemical fertilizer N, P, and K. Genetic quality ofAzospirillum was improved in this research to obtainsuperior characters toward phosphate solubilization so thatit can become more effective in use for farmers. To achievethis goal, Azospirillum was mutated by means ofelectroporation using transposon EZ-Tn5<kan-2>Tnp. Theelectrotransformation resulted in 20 out of 22 transformantstested contained the marker gen (npt). 10, 6 and 4 mutantshave increased, decreased and lost phosphate-solubilizingfunction, respectively. Mutant with elevated phosphatesolubilizingability may be selected further to be utilized asbiofertilizer while others may be useful for identification ofgenes responsible for phosphate solubilization

Pemuliaan Kentang Produk Rekayasa Genetik Tahan terhadap Penyakit Busuk Daun (Phytophthora Infestans) dan Aman Pangan di Indonesia

Pemanfaatan tanaman kentang produk rekayasa genetik (PRG) dalam pemuliaan tanaman melalui persilangan dengan Atlantic dan Granola telah menghasilkan enam galur PRG hasil silangan yang terseleksi. Sebelum komersialisasi, kentang PRG harus dikaji keamanan pangan dan lingkungannya. Penulisan bertujuan memberikan informasi mengenai tanaman kentang PRG di Indonesia yang tahan terhadap penyakit busuk daun Phytophthora infestans dan telah dinyatakan aman untuk di-konsumsi oleh manusia. Analisis stabilitas menunjukkan bahwa gen RB stabil terintegrasi selama empat generasi klonal ber-urutan dalam genom tanaman kentang PRG dengan satu sisipan gen. Hasil studi komposisi dan nutrisi, glikoalkaloid total, dan anti nutrisi pada kentang PRG Katahdin SP951 dan galur-galur silangannya bersifat sepadan dengan Katahdin non-PRG. Studi toksisitas menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan suspensi umbi kentang dan suspensi tepung kentang Katahdin SP951 dan galur-galur silangan tidak berdampak terhadap mortalitas, bobot badan, dan tanda-tanda klinis pada mencit. Protein RB tidak memiliki homologi yang tinggi dengan protein toksin sehingga tidak bersifat toksik. Studi alergenisitas dengan Simulated Gastric Fluid dan Simulated Intestinal Fluid menunjukkan bahwa protein umbi kentang Katahdin SP951 dan galur-galur silangan terdegradasi kurang dari 5 menit inkubasi setelah perlakuan enzim pepsin atau tripsin. Protein RB tidak mempunyai sekuen asam amino yang homolog dengan protein alergen, sehingga tidak berpotensi menimbulkan alergi. Kentang Katahdin SP951 telah dinyatakan aman untuk dikonsumsi melalui Keputusan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan tahun 2016. Tanaman kentang PRG tahan P. infestans yang dapat mengurangi 50% aplikasi fungisida, dan telah mendapat sertifikat aman pangan dan aman lingkungan diharapkan dapat menjadi pilihan untuk dimanfaatkan petani