Aplinkos įtaka duoninių (Triticum aestivum L.) ir kietųjų (Triticum durum Desf.) kviečių albuminų kiekiui

Albumins or water soluble proteins (wsp) in wheat are important as nutrients containing high content of essential amino acids such as lysine, tryptophan, methionine, and also asparagine, glutamine, arginine, and proline in comparison to storage proteins-glutenins and gliadins. Fifteen bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 15 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes were evaluated across six different environments for two years to determine the content of albumins in grains. The purpose of this research was to determine the variability of the albumins content of the tested bread wheat and durum wheat genotypes, effects of environment, genotype and their interaction (GEI) on the trait of interest, heritability in a broad sense, stability, and also to interpret GEI by climatic factors modelling. The statistical procedure included analysis of variance, sites regression and factorial regression. The mean content of albumins was 20.23 g kg-1 in bread wheat and 23.12 g kg-1 in durum wheat. Environment followed by GEI was the most important in determining albumins content. The heritability in a broad sense was low, i.e. 31.3% for bread wheat and only 2.4% for durum wheat. GEI for the albumins content was explained with the efficacy of 94.7% and 94.2% of sum of squares, for bread wheat and durum wheat, respectively, by the following models: mean temperature in May, winter moisture reserves, minimum temperature in April and March for bread wheat; and precipitation sum in April, sunshine hours sum in March, maximum temperature in May, and winter moisture reserves for durum wheat. The simultaneous selection for high albumins content and good stability proved to be possible for bread wheat genotypes, but less for durum wheat genotypes due to unsatisfactory stability

Growth, proline accumulation and peroxidase activity in maize seedlings under osmotic stress

The influence of osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) on plant growth, proline content and activities of soluble peroxidases was studied on 12 maize inbred lines at seedling stage. Reduction of plant growth, fresh weight and length of roots and shoots occurred in all of the studied genotypes and was followed by increase in free proline content of shoots and especially in roots of the majority of genotypes. Correlation analysis of changes in root proline content with growth parameters revealed direct positive correlation. Changes in root peroxidase activities ranged from approximately 40 % reduction to 20 % stimulation, depending on the genotype. It was shown that genotypes with higher proline changes under drought treatment exhibited lower peroxidase activities. In addition, genotypes with less pronounced root growth reduction under stress conditions exhibited increased peroxidase activities, as well as lower proline content. In the field experiments, grain yield was positively correlated with root proline content and negatively with root length changes in drought-treated seedlings grown in laboratory conditions