C – reactive protein in saliva of non-smoking patients with periodontitis (a pilot study)

Introduction: C-reactive Protein (CRP) as an inflammatory biomarker can be easily determined in saliva, but the values of salivary CRP in periodontitis are not well-studied. The aim of this study was to analyze and determine the values of salivary CRP in non-smokers with periodontitis stage 3 or 4 before and after supragingival and subgingival full-mouth periodontal therapy.Methods: Standard periodontal parameters and saliva samples were collected in 12 non-smoking patients. Patients in the test group (n = 6) underwent supragingival and subgingival full-mouth periodontal therapy, and the control group (n = 6) received only supragingival full-mouth therapy. Both groups received the same oral hygiene instructions in addition to therapy. After 3 months, re-registration of periodontal parameters and re-sampling of saliva for analysis of salivary CRP were done for both groups.Results: Statistical analysis revealed large differences in the values of clinical periodontal parameters and CRP levels in the test group after therapy. Values of salivary CRP in the test and control groups were lower 3 months the therapy; however, the results were not statistically significant. The correlation of clinical periodontal parameters and salivary CRP varied in both groups.Conclusion: Our pilot study reveals decreased concentrations of salivary C-reactive protein in non-smoking patients following non-surgical periodontal therapy. Further studies are needed to prove the reliability of salivary CRP as a biomarker for periodontitis

Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on microbial profila, salivary CRP and oxidative stress in saliva

Dosadašnja istraživanja daju kontradiktorne dokaze o utjecaju parodontološke terapije na promjene u sustavnom upalnom odgovoru. Cilj istraživanja bio je na standardiziranom uzorku utvrditi razlike u mikrobiološkom profilu, salivarnom CRP-u te parametrima oksidacijskog stresa u slini tri mjeseca nakon provedenih dviju vrsta parodontološke terapije kod ispitanika uparenih po spolu, dobi i parodontološkom statusu. Ispitivana skupina sastojala se od 16 pacijenata s parodontitisom, a u kontrolnoj skupini bilo je 16 ispitanika s generaliziranim parodontitisom stadija III i IV s minimalno 20 zubi, a parodontni status određen je pomoću standardnih parodontnih indeksa. Kod prve skupine ispitanika provedena je supragingivna i subgingivna terapija po principu full-mouth terapije uz upute u oralnu higijenu (ispitivana skupina), dok je kod druge skupine provedena samo supragingivna terapija uz upute u oralnu higijenu (kontrolna skupina). U uzorcima sline određeni su mikrobiološki profil, C-reaktivni protein i parametri oksidacijskoga stresa (8- OHdG, MDA, SOD). Posljednja faza provedena je nakon tri mjeseca te je uključivala ponovnu registraciju svih parodontoloških parametara (PD, RE, CAL, FMPS, FMBS) te ponovno uzimanje uzoraka sline za analizu parametara koji su ispitivani (mikrobiološki profil, salivarni CRP, 8-OHdG, MDA, SOD). Istraživanjem su dobivene statistički vrlo značajne razlike u vrijednostima kliničkih parametara PD i FMBS, statistički značajna razlika kod parametara RE i CAL za ispitivanu skupinu kod kojih je provedena supragingivna i subgingivna nekirurška terapija, u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu kod koje je provedena supragingivna terapija. Tri mjeseca nakon provedene terapije, salivarni CRP i promatrani parametri oksidacijskoga stresa bili su statistički značajno niži kod ispitivane skupine, a nije postojala statistički značajna razlika u vrijednosti salivarnoga CRP-a u slini ispitivane skupine i kontrolne skupine. Nakon provedene parodontološke terapije vrijednosti parametara oksidacijskoga stresa bili su i dalje viši kod pušača u odnosu na nepušače sa parodontitisom. Sve dobivene vrijednosti ukazuju da provedba parodontološke terapije ima pozitivan učinak na vrijednosti s-CRP-a i parametara oksidacijskoga stresa, pri čemu supragingivna i subgingivna terapija pokazuje bolje rezultate u usporedbi sa supragingivnom terapijom.Aim: Previous research provides conflicting evidence on the impact of periodontal therapy on changes in the systemic inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in microbiological profile, salivary CRP and oxidative stress parameters in saliva on a standardized sample three months after two types of periodontal therapy in subjects matched by sex, age and periodontal status. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 16 patients with periodontitis, and a control group of 16 subjects with generalized stage III and IV periodontitis with a minimum of 20 teeth, and periodontal status was determined using standard periodontal indices. The first group of subjects underwent supragingival and subgingival full-mouth therapy with instructions on oral hygiene (study group), while the second group received only supragingival therapy with instructions on oral hygiene (control group). Microbiological profile, C-reactive protein and oxidative stress parameters (8-OHdG, MDA, SOD) were determined in saliva samples. The final phase was performed after three months and included re-registration of all periodontal parameters (PD, RE, CAL, FMPS, FMBS) and re-sampling of saliva for analysis of parameters examined (microbiological profile, salivary CRP, 8-OHdG, MDA, SOD). Results:The study revealed statistically significant differences in the values of clinical parameters PD and FMBS, a statistically significant difference in RE and CAL parameters for the study group in which supragingival and subgingival non-surgical therapy was performed, compared to the control group in which supragingival therapy was performed. Three months after therapy, salivary CRP and observed parameters of oxidative stress were statistically significantly lower in the study group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the value of salivary CRP in the saliva of the study group and the control group. After periodontal therapy, the values of oxidative stress parameters were still higher in smokers compared to non - smokers with periodontitis. Conclusion: All obtained values indicate that the implementation of periodontal therapy has a positive effect on the values of s-CRP and oxidative stress parameters, with supragingival and subgingival therapy showing better results compared to supragingival therapy

Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on microbial profila, salivary CRP and oxidative stress in saliva

Dosadašnja istraživanja daju kontradiktorne dokaze o utjecaju parodontološke terapije na promjene u sustavnom upalnom odgovoru. Cilj istraživanja bio je na standardiziranom uzorku utvrditi razlike u mikrobiološkom profilu, salivarnom CRP-u te parametrima oksidacijskog stresa u slini tri mjeseca nakon provedenih dviju vrsta parodontološke terapije kod ispitanika uparenih po spolu, dobi i parodontološkom statusu. Ispitivana skupina sastojala se od 16 pacijenata s parodontitisom, a u kontrolnoj skupini bilo je 16 ispitanika s generaliziranim parodontitisom stadija III i IV s minimalno 20 zubi, a parodontni status određen je pomoću standardnih parodontnih indeksa. Kod prve skupine ispitanika provedena je supragingivna i subgingivna terapija po principu full-mouth terapije uz upute u oralnu higijenu (ispitivana skupina), dok je kod druge skupine provedena samo supragingivna terapija uz upute u oralnu higijenu (kontrolna skupina). U uzorcima sline određeni su mikrobiološki profil, C-reaktivni protein i parametri oksidacijskoga stresa (8- OHdG, MDA, SOD). Posljednja faza provedena je nakon tri mjeseca te je uključivala ponovnu registraciju svih parodontoloških parametara (PD, RE, CAL, FMPS, FMBS) te ponovno uzimanje uzoraka sline za analizu parametara koji su ispitivani (mikrobiološki profil, salivarni CRP, 8-OHdG, MDA, SOD). Istraživanjem su dobivene statistički vrlo značajne razlike u vrijednostima kliničkih parametara PD i FMBS, statistički značajna razlika kod parametara RE i CAL za ispitivanu skupinu kod kojih je provedena supragingivna i subgingivna nekirurška terapija, u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu kod koje je provedena supragingivna terapija. Tri mjeseca nakon provedene terapije, salivarni CRP i promatrani parametri oksidacijskoga stresa bili su statistički značajno niži kod ispitivane skupine, a nije postojala statistički značajna razlika u vrijednosti salivarnoga CRP-a u slini ispitivane skupine i kontrolne skupine. Nakon provedene parodontološke terapije vrijednosti parametara oksidacijskoga stresa bili su i dalje viši kod pušača u odnosu na nepušače sa parodontitisom. Sve dobivene vrijednosti ukazuju da provedba parodontološke terapije ima pozitivan učinak na vrijednosti s-CRP-a i parametara oksidacijskoga stresa, pri čemu supragingivna i subgingivna terapija pokazuje bolje rezultate u usporedbi sa supragingivnom terapijom.Aim: Previous research provides conflicting evidence on the impact of periodontal therapy on changes in the systemic inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in microbiological profile, salivary CRP and oxidative stress parameters in saliva on a standardized sample three months after two types of periodontal therapy in subjects matched by sex, age and periodontal status. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 16 patients with periodontitis, and a control group of 16 subjects with generalized stage III and IV periodontitis with a minimum of 20 teeth, and periodontal status was determined using standard periodontal indices. The first group of subjects underwent supragingival and subgingival full-mouth therapy with instructions on oral hygiene (study group), while the second group received only supragingival therapy with instructions on oral hygiene (control group). Microbiological profile, C-reactive protein and oxidative stress parameters (8-OHdG, MDA, SOD) were determined in saliva samples. The final phase was performed after three months and included re-registration of all periodontal parameters (PD, RE, CAL, FMPS, FMBS) and re-sampling of saliva for analysis of parameters examined (microbiological profile, salivary CRP, 8-OHdG, MDA, SOD). Results:The study revealed statistically significant differences in the values of clinical parameters PD and FMBS, a statistically significant difference in RE and CAL parameters for the study group in which supragingival and subgingival non-surgical therapy was performed, compared to the control group in which supragingival therapy was performed. Three months after therapy, salivary CRP and observed parameters of oxidative stress were statistically significantly lower in the study group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the value of salivary CRP in the saliva of the study group and the control group. After periodontal therapy, the values of oxidative stress parameters were still higher in smokers compared to non - smokers with periodontitis. Conclusion: All obtained values indicate that the implementation of periodontal therapy has a positive effect on the values of s-CRP and oxidative stress parameters, with supragingival and subgingival therapy showing better results compared to supragingival therapy

Effects of Lactobacillus Reuteri Lozenges (Prodentis) as Adjunctive Therapeutic Agent in Non-Surgical Therapy of Periodontitis

Background/Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri lozenges as an adjunctive therapeutic agent in combination with scaling and root planing in a randomized, clinical trial of volunteers with periodontitis stage IV