Reimagined Community in London: The transmission of food as heritage in the Afghan Diaspora

This chapter focuses on an applied thematic analysis of the continuity and change of foodstuffs and food practices, their transmission within and beyond the domestic unit, and their role in the formation of identity within the Afghan diaspora. These themes capture how Afghan food in London represents true diasporic memory. The history of Afghanistan and migration to the UK are testimonies to the varied lived experiences of refugees in London. The chapter argues that the re-imagining of an ‘Afghan’ collective memory and community in diaspora can only be understood if place is taken to be in flux: the process of migration itself. The first theme of the applied thematic analysis pertains to the food and foodways that have been maintained since leaving Afghanistan. Examining the transmission of Afghan food practices is crucial for ascertaining how the means of transmission and its recipients have changed over time to create a creolized, reimagined Afghan cuisine in diaspora

Coherent soliton pattern formation in a fiber laser

We report the observation of bound states of 350 pulses in a ring fiber laser mode locked by nonlinear rotation of the polarization. The phenomenon is described theoretically using a multiscale approach to the gain dynamics; the fast evolution of a small excess of gain is responsible for the stabilization of a periodic pattern, while the slow evolution of the mean value of gain explains the finite length of the quasiperiodic soliton train

Investigation of multiple pulsing and hysteresis phenomena in the erbium-doped double-clad fiber laser

We investigate both experimentally and theoretically the multiple pulsing behaviour of an erbium-doped double-clad fiber laser passively mode-locked through nonlinear polarization rotation. Hysteresis phenomena are found experimentally in both the normal and anomalous dispersion regime. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data allowing to fix the range of validity of the model

Analysis of soliton pattern formation in passively mode-locked fiber lasers

We give a detailed theoretical analysis of spontaneous periodic pattern formation in fiber lasers. The pattern consists of a bound state of hundreds of pulses in a ring fiber laser passively mode locked by nonlinear rotation of the polarization. The phenomenon is described theoretically using a multiscale approach to the gain dynamics: the fast evolution of a small excess of gain is responsible for the stabilization of a periodic pattern, while the slow evolution of the mean value of gain explains the finite length of the quasiperiodic soliton train. The resulting model is well adapted to experimental observations in a Er:Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser

Soliton crystal fiber laser

We report on the observation of bound state of some hundreds of solitons in a passively mode-locked Er:Yb-doped fiber laser. A double-clad fiber is used in a unidirectional ring cavity where the mode-locking is obtained thanks to the nonlinear polarization rotation. The phenomenon is described theoretically using a multiscale approach to the gain dynamics

Intricate solitons state in passively mode-locked fiber lasers

We report a novel spontaneous soliton pattern formation in a figure-of-eight passively mode-locked erbium-doped double-clad fiber laser. It consists in a condensate phase in which there is almost periodic arrangement of alternate crystal and liquid soliton phases. Thanks to an adapted ansatz for the electric field, we perform a reconstruction allowing to clearly identify the soliton distribution along the cavity

Analysis of Soliton Complexes in High Power Fiber Lasers

We consider a fibre laser operating in a regime where thousands of solitons coexist in the cavity. Because of the soliton interaction, different soliton patterns or complexes are generated depending on the laser parameters. We point out an analogy between soliton complexes and the states of the matter: soliton gas, soliton supersonic flow, soliton liquid, soliton polycrystal and soliton crystal

Dissipative solitons compounds in a fiber laser. Analogy with the states of the matter

We investigate experimentally ordered and disordered pattern formation of solitons in a double-clad fiber laser. We point out an analogy between the different states of matter and the states of a set of dissipative solitons. In particular, we have identified a gas, a supersonic gas flow, a liquid, a polycrystal and a crystal of solitons. The different states are obtained only by adjustment of the intracavity phase plates

Soliton complexes in a high power fiber laser

Ordered and disordered pattern formation of solitons is experimentally investigated in the passively mode-locked doubleclad erbium-doped fiber laser. Soliton complexes of about 500 pulses are obtained which organize in different patterns analogous the states of the matter. We have identified a soliton gas, a supersonic soliton gas flow, a soliton liquid, a soliton polycrystal and a crystal of solitons