Hubungan Cedera Kepala Dengan Disorientasi Pada Pasien Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Di Igd RS Bhayangkara Manado

: According To the World Healt Organization (WHO) in 2008, traffic accidents became the 10th leading cause of death in the world with the number of deats is 1,21 million (2,1%), while according to the health profile of Indonesia in 2008 injury is the fourth major couse of death is (6,5%) for all ages after a stroke, tuberculosis, and hypertension. Disorientation is the inability of a person to know the position himself in relation to the time, place or specific objects in the enviroment. The purpose of the research to know the relationship of head injury with patient disorientation in ER Bhayangkara Hsopital. Research Methods used in tihis research is a Cross Sectional design, With a total of 38 samples of respondent.Techniques sampling is Accidental Sampling. Data analysis was done using the chi-square test. Views of the significance of 0.001 thus probability (significance) is smaller than 0.05. Conclusion There is a connection between head Injuries on the patient disorientation with traffic accidents. Expected results of this research can be used as reference material in the library and can add to the wealth of knowledge Especially in the field of health

Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in Indonesia

Clostridium difficile has not been studied in detail in Asia, particularly Southeast Asia. We thus performed a prevalence study across four hospitals in Central Java province, Indonesia. Stool samples were collected from patients with diarrhoea and tested by enzyme immunoassay for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxin A/B (C DIFF QUIK CHEK COMPLETE, TechLab). Specimens were cultured and molecular typing was performed. In total, 340 samples were tested, of which 70 (20.6%) were GDH positive, with toxin detected in 19 (5.6%). Toxigenic C. difficile was isolated from 37 specimens (10.9%), while a further 36 (10.6%) nontoxigenic isolates were identified. The most common strain was ribotype 017 (24.3% of 74 isolates), followed by nontoxigenic types QX 224 (9.5%), and QX 238 and QX 108 (both 8.1%). The high prevalence of C. difficile highlights a need for ongoing surveillance of C. difficile infection in Indonesia