Invasive thyroglossal duct cyst papillary carcinoma: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>A thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital anomaly of the thyroid gland and midline masses in childhood (70% abnormality in childhood, 7% in adult). Carcinomas arising from a thyroglossal duct cyst are rare (only 1% of thyroglossal duct cyst cases) and characterized by relatively non-aggressive behavior and rare lymphatic spread. They are also diagnosed mostly during the third and fourth decades of life. About 85% to 92% of all thyroglossal duct cyst carcinomas are papillary carcinomas.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present the case of a 44-year-old Iranian woman with Cacausian ethnicity with a painless anterior neck mass that appeared gradually over three months. She had a history of frequent painful swelling of the anterior part of her neck, which subsided with antibiotic therapy. Thyroid functional tests were normal and a thyroid scinitigraphy showed a cold nodule in the left lobe of her thyroid. A computed tomography scan revealed a large, heterogeneous enhancing soft tissue mass with cystic components in the midline of the anterior neck space. This extended from the base of the tongue,(completely separated from its muscles, to the inferior aspect of the thyroid gland and showed the destruction of the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage. The diagnosis of a thyroglossal duct cyst with malignant transformation was maintained. A fine needle aspiration revealed papillary carcinoma.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This patient's case is presented because of its rare, aggressive, and invasive nature and rare and unusual manifestation, as well as its rapid increase in size, the destruction of the hyoid bone, chondrolysis of the thyroid cartilage, lymph adenopathy and the existence of a cold nodule in the thyroid gland.</p

Novel Potential Drugs for Therapy of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Protein-Protein Interaction Network (PPI) Analysis

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of blindness in older people. If diagnosed early, its progression in humans can be prevented.Material and Methods: To understand of AMD pathogenesis, this study was carried out to investigate differential gene expression in AMD and normal samples. Here, Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) with p-value of less than 0.01 were selected to construct the Protein- Protein interaction Network (PPI) using STRING web tool and visualized by Cytoscape software. Next, four PPI modules were discovered from the network. Then, the GO and pathway enrichment analyses were carried out on the modules’ genes. Drug- gene interactions were obtained for modules’ genes and reconstructed as a single drug- gene network.Results: Bevacisumab, Degzamethazone and Pegaptanib, as the most potent therapeutic candidatedrugs and previously mentioned as a therapy for AMD, had interaction with the genes associated with AMD. The other candidate drugs are Docetaxel, Cisplutin, Carboplatin, Methotrexate, Bexarotene, Raloxifene Hydrochloride, Acitretine, Adapalene, and Doxorubicine, some of which were previously discovered to be efficient against cancer. They had two gene targets in different modules.Conclusion: Computational tools are efficient for therapeutic goals, experimental validation of findings as well as testing of drug toxicity are critical for better treatment. Drugs proposed in this study might promote future studies on AMD.Keywords: Age-Related Macular Degeneration; Differential Gene Expression; Drug- Gene Network;Protein-Protein Interaction