24 research outputs found
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY DETERMINATION METHOD OF BENCYCLOQUIDIUM BROMIDE: APPLICATION TO DRUG INTERACTION STUDY IN HUMAN
Objective: This study was conducted to develop a sensitive and effective LC-MS/MS method for the determination of bencycloquidium bromide (BCQB) and its application in pharmacokinetic drug interaction study between BCQB and paroxetine.
Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on Hedera ODS-2 C18 column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-10 mmol/l ammonium acetate containing 0.2% acetic acid (33:67, v/v) at 550 ÎŒl/min, and the plasma samples were processed using solid-phase extraction. The MS/MS transitions were m/z 330.2 â 142.0 for BCQB and m/z 344.2 â 156.1 for the I. S in positive ESI mode.
Results: The validated method was linear over the concentration range of 2-1200 pg/ml with the correlation coefficient r2>0.998. The intra-and inter-batch precisions of the assay were lower than 8.2% and 9.1%, respectively. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 2 pg/ml. The stability data at different storage conditions of BCQB were within±5% RE. The mean AUC0-36 of BCQB was increased by approximately 33%, after the administration of BCQB alone and upon co-administration with paroxetine during the drug interaction study.
Conclusion: The LC-MS/MS method validated in this study was robust, reproducible, accurate, precise and reliable and was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies
IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PHOSPHODIESTERASE-5 INHIBITOR AS FALSIFIED IN ââNATURALââ MALAYSIAN HERBAL APHRODISIACS SOLD IN SOME BENINESE MARKETS
Objective: Nowadays, there have been several reports of herbal products falsified with well-known synthetic molecules, leading to harmful health consequences for the consumer. The aim of this study was to assess the profile of ânatural' herbal aphrodisiacs in the local markets of the municipalities of Cotonou and Abomey-Calavi in Benin and to screen some of them for the presence of additives such as sildenafil and tadalafil.
Methods: A non-probability survey was conducted to identify the available aphrodisiacs and their characteristics. Some of them were then selected for analysis. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was adopted for qualitative detection. The TLC positive extracts were then analyzed by HPLC on a C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 0.05M phosphate buffer (pH 5.8), acetonitrile and methanol (30:50:20). The Detection was performed at 290 nm.
Results: Seventy-seven aphrodisiacs were identified and from these, 18 were selected for analysis. Six of them were adulterated with tadalafil. The concentration of tadalafil in the samples was 1.7 to 4.6 times higher than the recommended dose of 20 mg.
Conclusion: This work opens the door to the need to control âânaturalââ labeled products in order to ensure their quality
Evaluation of 90-day subchronic oral toxicity of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea Roxb (Verbenaceae) leaves in Wistar rats
Purpose: To evaluate the 90 day sub-chronic toxicity of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea leaves in Wistar rats.
Methods: Rats were submitted to repeated daily oral administration of extract (250, 62.5 and 15.62 mg/kg) of Gmelina arborea leaves. The control groups were given distilled water and the rats were monitored for any toxicity symptoms as well as body and organs weights, water and food intake changes. The biochemical, haematological and histolopathological parameters were analysed.
Results: The 90 days administration of the aqueous extract did not produce any toxicity signs or mortality. In addition, no significant alteration in water or food intake by the rats was observed. Although there were no changes in the body weights, significant decrease in the weight of the kidneys of the rats was observed at 250 mg/kg. Biological parameters as well as the histopathology of liver and kidneys were not significantly affected. Significant decreases were noted in glucose level at the three dose levels. In addition, significant difference in the levels of transaminases, glucose and platelets were observed.
Conclusion: The 90-days subchronic toxicity test on Gmelina arborea did not produce any toxic effects. This confirms the safety of the plant leaves by traditional medicine practitioners.
Keywords: Gmelina arborea, Subchronic toxicity, Wistars rats, Biological parameter
C43 - Essai de formulation dâun collutoire Ă base dâhuile essentielle de Cymbopogon giganteus, chiov (poaceae) pour traiter lâangine de gorge
Introduction : Sur la base dâĂ©tudes antĂ©rieures, ayant dĂ©montrĂ© une efficacitĂ© in vitro de lâhuile essentielle de Cymbopogon giganteus sur les germes impliquĂ©s dans lâangine de gorge, lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©velopper une formulation adaptĂ©e pour la prise en charge de cette pathologie.
MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Lâhuile dâolive vierge, le TWEEN 60 et le SPAN 60 ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour le dĂ©veloppement du collutoire Ă 0,5% v/v dâhuile essentielle de Cymbopogon giganteus. La caractĂ©risation du collutoire a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e au moyen de tests organoleptiques et microscopiques (Balla et al 2022). Le sens de lâĂ©mulsion est dĂ©terminĂ© par la mĂ©thode des colorants et confirmĂ© par le test de conductivitĂ© Ă©lectrique. Lâabsence dâinstabilitĂ© du collutoire vĂ©rifiĂ©e au moyen du test Ă la centrifugeuse. En prĂ©lude Ă des futurs essais cliniques, la stĂ©rilitĂ© du collutoire a Ă©tĂ© recherchĂ©e par ensemencement sur diffĂ©rents milieux gĂ©losĂ©s.
RĂ©sultats et Discussion : AprĂšs plusieurs essais, seule la prĂ©paration Ă 40% dâhuile dâolive Ă lâaspect blanc laiteux et au toucher gras Ă©tait stable avec une absence de floculation et de coalescence et sans observation de phĂ©nomĂšnes dâinstabilitĂ©s Ă type de crĂ©mage ou de sĂ©dimentation. Les tests de conductivitĂ© (49,2 ”S/cm) ont bien confirmĂ© le sens de lâĂ©mulsion H/E. Les tests de stĂ©rilitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© concluants en lâabsence de prolifĂ©ration de microorganisme aprĂšs 5 jours dâincubation.
Conclusion : Cette Ă©tude a permis la formulation dâun collutoire Ă base dâhuile essentielle de
Cymbopogon giganteus présentant un bon profil de stabilité et de qualité
C4 - Formulation dâun Ă©mulgel Ă base dâun mĂ©lange dâhuile essentielle dâOcimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) et du gel dâAloe vera (L.) Burm. F. (Asphodelaceae) contre les acnĂ©s vulgaires
Introduction : LâacnĂ© due Ă une production excessive de sĂ©bum associĂ©e ou non Ă une prolifĂ©ration bactĂ©rienne est habituellement traitĂ©e avec des topiques. LâAloe vera (AV) et lâOcimum gratissimum (OG) sont deux plantes traditionnellement utilisĂ©es dans le traitement de lâacnĂ©. Ainsi, notre Ă©tude a consistĂ© en des essais de formulation et dâĂ©valuation de lâefficacitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne dâun Ă©mulgel combinant ces deux plantes.
MĂ©thodologie : Les essais ont Ă©tĂ© faits Ă partir du gel dâAV Ă la proportion de 10% et 20% respectivement associĂ©e Ă lâhuile essentielle (HE) dâOG Ă 5% et 10% permettant dâĂ©laborer un Ă©mulgel Ă base de lâHE gĂ©lifiĂ©e avec du carbomĂšre 980 Ă 1%. La stabilitĂ© de nos formulations a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par des tests pharmaco-techniques que sont la dĂ©termination des caractĂšres organoleptiques, lâexamen microscopique, le test de stĂ©rilitĂ© et la mesure de quelques paramĂštres physico-chimiques (conductivitĂ©, pH, viscositĂ© et aptitude Ă lâĂ©talement) et lâactivitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©e sur les germes du genre Staphylococcus.
RĂ©sultats : La formule Ă 10% dâAV et 5% dâOG a Ă©tĂ© retenue au regard de sa plus grande stabilitĂ©. Au plan organoleptique, elle prĂ©sentait un aspect homogĂšne, une uniformitĂ© de couleur, une bonne consistance et une odeur caractĂ©ristique de lâOG. Sa conductivitĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă 1935”S/cm a confirmĂ© le sens de lâĂ©mulsion Huile/Eau. Quant Ă la viscositĂ©, elle Ă©tait de 344400 mPa.s suggĂ©rant une bonne aptitude de lâĂ©mulgel Ă lâĂ©talement. Enfin le pH (7,38) indiquait une bonne compatibilitĂ© avec celui de la peau, confirmĂ©e par les tests dâirritabilitĂ© sur le lapin albinos (Indice dâirritabilitĂ© IIP Ë 0.5). LâactivitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne sur les germes du genre Staphylococcus mĂ©ticillino-rĂ©sistante a montrĂ© une bonne sensibilitĂ© Ă cette formulation avec des zones dâinhibition ayant des diamĂštres > 8mm.
Conclusion : Les rĂ©sultats, concluant sur la stabilitĂ© et lâefficacitĂ© in vitro de lâĂ©mulgel Ă 5% dâHE dâOG, ouvrent la voie Ă la rĂ©alisation dâune Ă©tude clinique avant mise sur le marchĂ©
Evaluation of the knowledge and attitude of pharmacists about the national malaria control policy in southern Benin
Abstract Background The national strategy against malaria in an endemic country should involve all the health stakeholders. In Benin, the private sector is rarely present in the activities of the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP), and its surveillance system does not cover private sector outlets that are a non-negligible part of the healthcare system. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the drug delivery practices within private pharmacies of Cotonou and Porto-Novo and the awareness of medicine providers concerning the national policy of malaria treatment. Methods A survey was performed among pharmacy staff members responsible for dispensing medicines and providing advice to patients within pharmacies of Cotonou and Porto-Novo. Dispensing/pharmacy assistants (âdispensatorsâ) from 82 pharmacies in Cotonou and 19 in Porto-Novo were surveyed. Data entry was performed using Epidata 3.1 software and data analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 21.1. Chi square test was used to compare proportions. A significance threshold of 0.05 was defined for the p value. Results 46% of providers did not know the artemisinin-based combination therapy recommended by the NMCP for treating uncomplicated malaria. 58.7% were not able to recognize the gravity signs of malaria. 89.8% of dispensators were used to deliver an anti-malarial upon patient request, without prior biological confirmation as requested by the NMCP policy. Conclusions Dispensing practices within the studied pharmacies from Cotonou and Porto-Novo were not in adequacy with the NMCP guidelines for uncomplicated malaria, which is a striking weakness in the training of drug providers on key elements of the guidelines for managing malaria. The NMCP needs to help dispensator from private pharmacies sector to standardize drug delivery practices according to its guidelines
P30 Etude clinique dâun collutoire Ă base dâhuile essentielle de Cymbopogon giganteus, chiov (poaceae) chez les adultes souffrant de lâangine de gorge au CHU de SURU-LERE de Cotonou
Introduction : Lâangine de gorge est une inflammation de la gorge et en particulier des amygdales, dâorigine infectieuse, induisant souvent un recours inappropriĂ© aux antibiotiques. La prise de phyto mĂ©dicaments peut ĂȘtre envisagĂ©e afin de contourner le risque dâantibiorĂ©sistance. DâoĂč lâintĂ©rĂȘt de cette Ă©tude Ă Ă©valuer lâefficacitĂ© antimicrobienne dâun collutoire Ă base de C. giganteus en clinique.
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MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : LâĂ©tude clinique phase 2 Ă un bras, rĂ©alisĂ©e a portĂ© sur des patients adultes (18 ans Ă 65 ans) dont le diagnostic positif a Ă©tĂ© posĂ© par un mĂ©decin et qui ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©s en ambulatoire durant 07 jours Ă raison de deux pulvĂ©risations dans la gorge chaque 4h en association avec 1g de paracĂ©tamol pris matin, midi et soir pendant 48 h puis si douleur. LâefficacitĂ© thĂ©rapeutique a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă lâaide des principaux signes cliniques spĂ©cifiques relevĂ©s Ă J0, J3 et J7 Ă travers un mĂȘme score prĂ©Ă©tabli.
RĂ©sultats et Discussion : Sur 36 patients inclus, 34 efficacitĂ©s thĂ©rapeutiques ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es contre 02 Ă©checs. Aucun Ă©vĂšnement indĂ©sirable majeur signalĂ©, exceptĂ© une hypersalivation et une sĂ©cheresse de la gorge chez 4 patients, rapidement rĂ©sorbĂ©s par la prise dâeau.
Conclusion : Les donnĂ©es recueillies au cours de lâĂ©tude suggĂšrent que le collutoire Ă base C. giganteus associĂ©s au paracĂ©tamol soulage lâangine de gorge et les symptĂŽmes associĂ©s et sâavĂšre un candidat intĂ©ressant pour une demande de mise sur le marchĂ©
Overview of regulations on medicines derived from traditional Pharmacopoeia in Benin and Burkina Faso
The success of the promotion policies of the Medicines Derived from Traditional Pharmacopoeia (MDTPs) requires a regulation that is adapted to realities and guarantees their quality, efficiency and safeness. This study aims to analyze the legal texts and the current guiding principles obtained from the heads of the departments in charge of traditional medicine in Burkina Faso and Benin. The documents collected from the two countries have been analyzed comparatively and also in relation to WAEMU regulations and the WHO recommendations. Several texts, dealing with the activity, products, facilities and advertisement related to traditional medicine, have been recorded in both countries. The regulation battery of Burkina Faso is more extensive than that of Benin, especially on traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia facilities. In addition, unlike biomedicines, the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and the West African Health Organization (WAHO) have not yet passed community laws on MDTPs. To limit disparities in legal frameworks between the countries of the same sub-region, it is important that the WAEMU or WAHO be involved in the harmonization of pharmaceutical regulations by setting Community rules in the domain
In vitro antiplasmodial activity of plants used in Benin in traditional medicine to treat malaria.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of crude extracts of 12 plant species traditionally used in Benin for the treatment of malaria in order to validate their use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For each species, dichloromethane, methanol and total aqueous extracts were tested. The antiplasmodial activity of extracts was evaluated using the measurement of the plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase activity on chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The selectivity of the different extracts was evaluated using the MTT test on J774 macrophage-like murine cells and WI38 human normal fibroblasts. RESULTS: The best growth inhibition of both strains of Plasmodium falciparum was observed with the dichloromethane extracts of Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (Asteraceae) (IC(50)=7.5 microg/ml on 3D7 and 4.8 microg/ml on W2), Keetia leucantha (K. Krause) Bridson (syn. Plectronia leucantha Krause) (Rubiaceae) leaves and twigs (IC(50)=13.8 and 11.3 microg/ml on 3D7 and IC(50)=26.5 and 15.8 microg/ml on W2, respectively), Carpolobia lutea G.Don. (Polygalaceae) (IC(50)=19.4 microg/ml on 3D7 and 8.1 microg/ml on W2) and Strychnos spinosa Lam. (Loganiaceae) leaves (IC(50)=15.6 microg/ml on 3D7 and 8.9 microg/ml on W2). All these extracts had a low cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION: Our study gives some justifications for the traditional uses of some investigated plants
A comparative study of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. root extracts on sexual behaviour in male Wistar rats
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