Core and accessory genomic traits of Vibrio cholerae O1 drive lineage transmission and disease severity

In Bangladesh, Vibrio cholerae lineages are undergoing genomic evolution, with increased virulence and spreading ability. However, our understanding of the genomic determinants influencing lineage transmission and disease severity remains incomplete. Here, we developed a computational framework using machine-learning, genome scale metabolic modelling (GSSM) and 3D structural analysis, to identify V. cholerae genomic traits linked to lineage transmission and disease severity. We analysed in-patients isolates from six Bangladeshi regions (2015-2021), and uncovered accessory genes and core SNPs unique to the most recent dominant lineage, with virulence, motility and bacteriophage resistance functions. We also found a strong correlation between V. cholerae genomic traits and disease severity, with some traits overlapping those driving lineage transmission. GSMM and 3D structure analysis unveiled a complex interplay between transcription regulation, protein interaction and stability, and metabolic networks, associated to lifestyle adaptation, intestinal colonization, acid tolerance and symptom severity. Our findings support advancing therapeutics and targeted interventions to mitigate cholera spread

Cancer Types and Treatment Modalities in Patients Attending at Delta Medical College Hospital

Background: Cancer is a major health burden worldwide. By 2030, over 9 million cancer patients are assumed to die in developing countries from different types of cancers. Incidence of different types of cancers is increasing due to unhealthy life style. At present, lung cancer is most prevalent in Bangladeshi male whereas it is cancer cervix in female. Objective: To determine the frequency, pattern and treatment modalities in different types of cancer in different age and sex group to get an idea about national cancer scenario. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1300 cancer patients attending at Delta Medical College Hospital within three months duration (from 15.07.10 to 15.10.10). Histologically proven malignant cases were included in the study. Results: There were 400 male and 900 female patients. Male: female ratio was 1:2.25. Among all patients, cervical cancer was the top most common malignancy (23.07%) followed by breast (22.46%). In male, lung cancer was found to be the most common cancer (15.75%), followed by non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (13.75%), colorectal (12%), stomach (6.75%), and oesophageal (5.75%) carcinomas. In female patients, carcinoma cervix was the top most cancer (33.33%), followed by breast (32.33%), ovary (6.11%), gall bladder (3.77%), and colorectal (3%) carcinomas. Majority of cancers occurred in middle and older age groups. Combination of surgery, chemotherapy and teletherapy was the most common form of treatment. Conclusion: The findings of the study may provide a helpful clue to important facts and figures of different types of cancers in Bangladesh

Affordable Electric Three-Wheeler in Bangladesh: Prospects, Challenges, and Sustainable Solutions

With rapid urbanization and population growth, there has been a significant increase in the demand for public transport. Fossil-fuel-based internal combustion vehicles are increasingly fulfilling the transport demand and are creating negative impact on the environment. Electric three-wheeler (E3W) vehicles have better prospects in public transport in Bangladesh. The demand and usage of E3W vehicles are increasing rapidly because of their pollution-free and passenger-friendly services. However, there are many challenges, including vehicle stability, regulation, energy supply, battery disposal, etc. This paper discusses the prospects and challenges of the E3Ws in Bangladesh in terms of technological and environmental aspects. The paper addresses the issues of E3W, such as existing structural problems, inherent limitations, consequences of uncontrolled battery charging, and improper battery disposal. Potential solutions to tackle these challenges have been suggested for future sustainable transport in Bangladesh. An overview of existing policies regarding E3W in Bangladesh has been presented, and some recommendations have been made to facilitate the integration of E3Ws in the public transport domain. A review of the technologies can provide a base for strategic E3W policy for the next generation of sustainable transport policies and can help policymakers to frame strategies aiming for clean technology and sustainable development of the transportation system in Bangladesh