The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Poverty and Income Distribution: Insights from Simulations in Selected Countries

As the financial crisis has spread through the world, the lack of real-time data has made it difficult to track its impact in developing countries. We use a microsimulation approach to assess the poverty and distributional effects of the crisis. In Bangladesh, Mexico, and the Philippines, we find increases in both the level and the depth of aggregate poverty. Income shocks are relatively large in the middle (and, in Mexico, the bottom) parts of the income distribution. We also find that characteristics of people who become poor because of the crisis are different from those of both chronically poor people and the general population. Our findings will be useful for policy makers wishing to identify leading monitoring indicators to track the impact of macroeconomic shocks and to design policies that protect vulnerable groups.Financial crisis, poverty, income, income distribution, developing countries, Bangladesh, Mexico, Philippines, macroeconomic shocks, poor

Assessing poverty and distributional impacts of the global crisis in the Philippines : a microsimulation approach

As the financial crisis has spread through the world, the lack of real-time data has made it difficult to track its impact in developing countries. This paper uses a micro-simulation approach to assess the poverty and distributional effects of the crisis in the Philippines. The authors find increases in both the level and the depth of aggregate poverty. Income shocks are relatively large in the middle part of the income distribution. They also find that characteristics of people who become poor because of the crisis are different from those of both chronically poor people and the general population. The findings can be useful for policy makers wishing to identify leading monitoring indicators to track the impact of macroeconomic shocks and to design policies that protect vulnerable groups.Rural Poverty Reduction,Regional Economic Development,Labor Policies,Achieving Shared Growth,Economic Theory&Research

Assessing ex ante the poverty and distributional impact of the global crisis in a developing country : a micro-simulation approach with application to Bangladesh

Measuring the poverty and distributional impact of the global crisis for developing countries is not easy, given the multiple channels of impact and the limited availability of real-time data. Commonly-used approaches are of limited use in addressing questions like who are being affected by the crisis and by how much, and who are vulnerable to falling into poverty if the crisis deepens? This paper develops a simple micro-simulation method, modifying models from existing economic literature, to measure the poverty and distributional impact of macroeconomic shocks by linking macro projections with pre-crisis household data. The approach is then applied to Bangladesh to assess the potential impact of the slowdown on poverty and income distribution across different groups and regions. A validation exercise using past data from Bangladesh finds that the model generates projections that compare well with actual estimates from household data. The results can inform the design of crisis monitoring tools and policies in Bangladesh, and also illustrate the kind of analysis that is possible in other developing countries with similar data availability.Rural Poverty Reduction,Regional Economic Development,Achieving Shared Growth,Economic Theory&Research

How to achieve Financial Gains with Corporate Social Responsibility in businesses

This research paper presents a conceptual framework for companies to manage their financial gains or profitability with the help of Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives and attempts. A case of Sharp electronics and Samsung will also be discussed that how these companies gain profits through implementing CSR in companies. And we will also do a graphical analysis of Asian countries involve in CSR activities. The results of the present study showed that an organization can increase its output by effectively using corporate social responsibility activities. Key words: Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial gains, Conceptual framewor

Prevalence of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Trends of COVID-19 and their Aggressiveness among Various Gender and Age Groups Due to Smoking

COVID-19 remains a global threat and many developed countries are still troubled by the COVID-19 pandemic. During first wave of COVID-19, about 23 million people tested positive for the virus, worldwide. Hence, the factors that contribute towards enhancing the COVID-19 burden must be assessed. In the current study, RT-PCR testing method was used for the detection of COVID-19. Specimens used to detect the infection comprised nasopharyngeal swabs. After their collection, the specimens were processed further for the extraction of RNA and PCR. About 60% of sampled patients tested positive and 40% tested negative for COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 prevalence was found to be higher in male patients than female patients. Among COVID-19 positive individuals, 70% were smokers and 30% were non-smokers. Positive cases were more frequent in the age group of 40-60 years. Moreover, only 30% of the patients showed symptoms of COVID-19. Keeping in view the above statistics, it is safe to assume that smokers are more prone to infection by COVID-19 which was found to be more prevalent in men, mainly targeting their elderly population. A major portion of COVID-19 positive patients didn’t show any symptoms. It was concluded that asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 are a silent threat to the worl

Rheological Study of Formate (Nacl) and Ethylene Glycol Based Drilling Fluid Using MATLAB

Non-Newtonian models are used in describing the rheology of drilling fluids. Models, such as Power Law, Bingham Plastic, and the Hershel-Buckley model are used to predict drilling fluid behaviour. Selection of the best rheological model that accurately represents the shear stress-shear rate data is optimal in determining fluid use and predicting realistic rheological behaviour. This research is aimed at studying the best rheology model to fit collected data from sodium chloride (NaCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) based drilling fluid. The assessment utilized a total of ten sets of experimental viscometry data from laboratory-formulated drilling fluid samples A to J with the varying volume of formate sodium chloride (NaCl) and ethylene glycol (EG). Using Equations relating shear rates to shear stress, MATLAB non-linear regression approach was used to determine the best of the three rheological models to fit the experimental. The Root square (R2), Adjusted Root square (Adj R2), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used in determining the goodness of fit and degree of deviation of the experimental data. data. High concentrations of both NaCl and ethylene glycols in the formulation provide a better shear rate shear stress fit. Although the ethylene glycol presence may have account for the improved fit, as Sample E, F and G despite containing high volume of the formate NaCl, the data where not effectively fitted by the models.  From the results, the power law model was the least suitable with an R2 value of 0.881-0.956, Adj R2 83-96%, and a poor RSME in the range 2-9. The Herschel-Bulkley model showed an improved fit for the fluids with an R2 0.897-0.973, Adj R2 87- 98%, and a better RSME <3. this model also shows a good shear thinning behaviour from its three parameter consistency (n) index values. The Bingham plastic model best fits the rheology of the drilling fluid data R2 0.93-0.99, Adj R2 93-98%, and RSME of <2

Management of Fetal dystocia due to Downward Deviation of Head with Bilateral Carpal Flexion in a non-descript Local Goat

A case of dystocia in a local non-descript goat was reported. The animal was weak and had a history of straining since 24 hours, fetal membranes ruptured and cervix fully dilated. On per-vaginal examination the fetus was found dead as there was no reflex on pinching. The fetus had a normal presentation, position but posture was abnormal, with downward deviation of head and both the carpal joints were flexed. Caudal epidural anaesthesia was given between first and second intercoccygeal space using 2.5 ml Lignocaine hydrochloride before manual handling. After proper lubrication, correction of the dystocia was carried out using the repulsion and traction method. Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory were injected post successful traction of the fetus. Then, 500 ml of 5% Dextrose fluid was administered intravenously to correct the dehydration status and to avoid shock to the animal. After successful traction of fetus, two furea boli were placed intrauterine

Cough, Hemoptysis and Hair Expectoration: An Intrapulmonary Teratoma

Teratomas can be found in different organs of the body and may involve gonads, saccrococcygeal region, mediastinum and other sites. Intrathoracic teratomas always occur in mediastinum and less often arise within the lung. As teratomas mostly involve sex organs (gonads), they rarely occur as extra-gonadal tumors accounting for only 3% of all the cases and very small percentage of such tumors occur in mediastinum.We reported an interesting case of middle aged male who presented to us with symptoms of cough, hemoptysis and trichoptysis (hair expectoration).We found that patient had intrapulmonary teratoma that was initially being treated as case of pulmonary tuberculosis. He underwent surgical resection of his cavitatory lesion and diagnosis of intrapulmonary teratoma was confirmed by histopathology as well. The patient made remarkable recovery with complete disappearance of his symptoms. From Pakistan no such case has ever been reported. Although it is very unusual but in patient with cavitatory lesion, intrapulmonary teratoma should always be kept in mind as differential diagnosis