Zea Mays'dan Endofitik ve Ksilanolitik Bacillus Pumilus Suşlarının İzolasyonu

Bu çalışmada, yüzey sterilizasyonu yapılmış Zea mays gövde ve yapraklarından, sırası ile M1 ve M2 olarak isimlendirilen iki tane endofitik ksilanolitik bakteri izole edilmiştir. Izolatlar Bacillus pumilus olarak tanımlanmıştır. Mikroorganizmalar agar üzerinde farklı morfoloji sergilemiştir. Izolatlar arasında, ksilanaz üretim seviyesi ve profilinde de farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. İçinde %3 mısır koçanını tek karbon kaynağı olarak bulunduran sıvı besi yerinde, Bacillus pumilus M1 ve Bacillus pumilus M2 sırası ile maksimum ksilanaz aktivitesi olan 188.0 ± 20.0 ve 5.6 ± 1.1 U/ml değerlerine ulaşabilmiştir. İzolatlar, kaba fermentasyon özütünde çok düşük miktarda selülaz üretmiştir. B. pumilus M1 ksilanazı kısmi karakterize edilmiştir. Enzim pH 8.0 ve 65°C'de maksimum aktivite götermiş, kağıt beyazlatma endüstrisine uygun görülmüş ve ileri derecede karakterizasyona ihtiyaç duymuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma Zea mays'ın iç kısmının, ksilanaz üreticilerinin izolasyonu için yeni ve iyi bir kaynak olduğunu göstermiştir. Detaylı tanımlama ardından bu enzimler, kağıt, tekstil, gıda ve yem endüstrisinde çeşitli uygulamalarda değerlendirilebilmesi mümkündür. In this study, two endophytic xylanolytic bacteria, named M1 and M2, were isolated from surface sterilized Zea mays stem and leaf, respectively. Isolates were identified as Bacillus pumilus. Microorganisims showed different morphology on agar plates. Xylanase production level and profile varied between isolates, as well. Maximum xylanase production level of 188.0 ± 20.0 and 5.6 ± 1.1 U/ml were achieved by Bacillus pumilus M1 and Bacillus pumilus M2 in a liquid medium containing 3% corn cobs as a sole carbon source and inducer, respectively. Isolates produced very low level of cellulase in crude enzyme extract. B. pumilus M1 xylanase was partially characterized. Enzyme had a maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 65°C, seemed proper for pulp and paper industry, and required further characterization. In conclusion, this study indicated that inside part of Zea mays is a novel and good source for isolating xylanase producers. After detailed characterization, such enzymes could be used in various applications in paper and pulp, textile, food and feed industries

Corchorus olitorius L. (Jute) leaf and seed extracts exerted high antibacterial activity against food and plant pathogenic bacteria

Aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate antibacterial activities of methanol (MetOH), acetone (Ace), petroleum ether (PE) and aqueous (dw) leaf (L), root (R), and seed (S) extracts of Corchorus olitorius L. on both food- and plant-borne pathogens, with DPPH radical scavenging activities (DRSA), and quantitative and qualitative constituent analysis. Leaf PE has the highest strain susceptibility on both food- and plant-borne pathogens. Clavibacter michiganensis, Pseudomonas tomato, and Erwinia caratovora were susceptible to nearly all the leaf and seed extracts. Very low minimum inhibitory concentration (8-128 mL(-1)) and minimum bactericidal concentration (32-2048 mu g mL(-1)) were determined for both leaf and seed extracts against C. michiganensis. Total phenolic contents were correlated to DRSA. The phenolic compounds tested were higher in the leaf MetOH, cholorogenic acid being the most abundant one. Palmitic acid was determined in leaf PE and seed PE extracts. Results presented here demonstrate high antibacterial activity of C. olitorius leaf seed extracts against phytopathogens for the first time, and provide the most comprehensive data on the antibacterial activity screening against food-borne pathogens. Considering limitations in plant disease control, antibacterial activities of these extracts would be important in plant disease control.Baskent University Research Fund; Baskent University Institutional Review Board [DA10/17]This study was approved by Baskent University Institutional Review Board (Project no: DA10/17), and supported by Baskent University Research Fund

Ex vivo renal perfusion and autotransplantation in treatment of calculous disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Two more indications are described for temporary ex vivo perfusion of kidneys with revascularization of these organs as autografts to orthotopic or heterotopic locations. One of the patients had staghorn calculi which were removed from a solitary kidney. The other patient had both kidneys autografted in the course of a surgical procedure on an extensive abdominal aortic aneurysm

Corchorus olitorius and Urtica pilulifera extracts alleviate copper induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in tomato

Copper cause oxidative damage in plant cells, and plant extracts are the sources of free radical scavengers. We tested the hypothesis that whether Corchorus olitorius (jute) and Urtica pilulifera (Roman nettle) seed extract treatments of germinated seeds affect copper induced oxidative and genotoxic damage or antioxidant response in tomato. Seedlings were exposed to toxic copper concentration (30 ppm) for 7 days. In one experimental group (treatment 1), extract (100 μg mL–1) was added to media. In the other group (treatment 2), tomato seeds were pre-soaked by the extract (100 μg mL–1) prior to germination and copper application. Malondialdehyde and endogenous H2O2 levels in the groups treated with extract and copper were significantly lower than that of the untreated groups. Pre-soaking seeds with the nettle extract solution significantly enhanced catalase activity under unstressed condition. Jute treatment also enhanced catalase activity under copper stress. Ascorbate peroxidase activity remained at unstressed level in copper treated groups. Extract treatments significantly decreased copper induced DNA damage in root nuclei. Jute seed extract contained salicylic acid and quercetin which can be correlated with the evoked effects. We demonstrated protective effect of plant extract treatments against copper stress of tomato seedlings prior to germination or during seedling development

Choroidal Vascularity Index and Choroidal Thickness Changes Following Renal Transplantation

Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and intraocular pressure (IOP) after renal transplantation.Materials and Methods:A total of 49 renal transplantation patients were included in this prospective study. CVI and SFCT on enhanced-depth imaging optic coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), MAP at the cubital fossa, GFR, and IOP were measured preoperatively and at postoperative 1 week and 1 month. In the analysis of EDI-OCT images, luminal area (LA) and stromal area of the choroid were determined using the image binarization method. CVI was defined as the ratio of LA to total choroid area. The effects of GFR, IOP, and MAP on CVI and SFCT were investigated.Results:The study included 23 women (47%) and 26 men (53%) with a mean age of 26.28±8.25 years (range: 18-52). Changes between preoperative, postoperative 1-week, and postoperative 1-month GFR values, CVI, and SFCT measurements were evaluated. There were significant differences between preoperative and postoperative GFR and SFCT measurements (p<0.001), but no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative CVI (p=0.09), MAP (p=0.14), or IOP (p=0.84) measurements.Conclusion:The present study demonstrated that SFCT increased significantly with GFR, while there was no change in CVI values

Comparison of the Effect of Different Anesthesia Maintenance on Hemodynamics in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective:General anesthesia management in coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGC) should preserve myocardial function, prevent ischemic damage, and maintain stable hemodynamics. There is not a universally accepted technique for anesthetic management during CABGC. Drugs or drug combinations and maintenance of infusions are decided based on the pathophysiological condition of the patient and the individual preference and experience of the anesthesiologist (1). Although there are many studies about an anesthesia induction in CABGC, studies about anesthetic maintenance are very limited. In this study, we compared the hemodynamic effects of three different methods that were used in anesthetic maintenance in CABGC.Method:The retrospective records of 108 patients in ASA II-III group who underwent elective CABGC were divided into 3 groups according to their anesthetic maintenance methods. Group I was maintained with 1-3% sevoflurane and fentanyl 4 mcg/kg/hour infusion, group II with propofol 1.5-4 mg/kg/hour and fentanyl 4 mcg/kg/hour infusion, and group III with propofol 1.5-4 mg/kg/hour and remifentanil infusion of 0.03 mg/kg/hour. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured and recorded after induction (T0), after sternotomy (T1), after pericardiotomy (T2), 5 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (T3), after thorax closure (T4), at the end of the operation (T5). The vasodilator requirements in the time period before CBP and the inotropic agent requirements after CPB were noted.Results:Data of 108 patients (88 men/20 women) were analyzed. Demographic characteristics of the patients were similar in all the groups. Statistical analysis was made among the groups depending on coronary artery bypass graft number, cross-clamp time, total fluid administration, total blood transfusion, total urine volume, inotropic agent requirement after CPB, postoperative central venous pressure, and pre- and postoperative lactate levels; however, there was no statistical difference. There was not change more than 20-25% in MAP and HR in group I than the others.Conclusion:Better hemodynamic results were achived with sevoflurane and fentanyl in the anesthetic maintenance of CABGC

Is sepsis still a problem in burns?

From Ist January 1988 to 31st December 1988, 61 patients were admitted to our Bums Centre. The overall mortality was 19.67% 12 patients died and 49 patients were discharged. 8 (13.11%) adult patients died due to sepsis; in 7 of them, the bum cause was flame and in one electricity. 4 children died due to sepsis (bum cause hot liquid). Pseudomonas grew in 10 patients (83.33%), 7 adults and 3 children, and mixed bacteria in 2 patients (16.67%): in one adult (Pseudomonas, E. coli and Staph. coag+) and in one child (Pseudomonas, Proteus and Enterobacter).In this study, the great majority of evidence gathered by us revealed that sepsis is still an important problem among the patients who have presented at our Burns Centre