Can travel time variability be ignored when solving the transit network design problem?

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Exploring Simple, High Quality Out-of-Distribution Detection with L2 Normalization

We demonstrate that L2 normalization over feature space--an extremely simple method requiring no additional training strategies, hyperparameters, specialized loss functions or image augmentation--can produce competitive results for Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection with a fraction of the training time (60 epochs with ResNet18, 100 epochs with ResNet50) required by more sophisticated methods. We show theoretically and empirically that our simple method decouples feature norms from the Neural Collapse (NC) constraints imposed by CE loss minimization. This decoupling preserves more feature-level information than a standard CE loss training regime, and allows greater separability between ID norms and near-OoD or far-OoD norms. Our goal is to provide insight toward fundamental, model-based approaches to OoD detection, with less reliance on external factors such as hyperparameter tuning or specialized training regimes. We suggest that L2 normalization provides a collection of benefits large enough to warrant consideration as a standard architecture choice

Possible Application of Short Range Communication Technologies in the Digital Tachograph System to Support Vehicles Filtering during Road Controls

The existing Digital Tachograph is a regulatory instrument (mandatory by Council Regulation since 1st May 2006) to enforce the application of social regulations in road transport especially with the view to increase traffic safety. It records the work and the rest times of drivers as well as the vehicle speed over time with the aim to ensure that appropriate rest periods are taken by drivers and that a maximum of permissible speed is not exceeded. The original and prime functionality of the Digital Tachograph is to document, i.e. to record, the driving history of a driver and his vehicle. Nevertheless controls by the road safety authorities are rather inefficient while time-consuming. The proposed update to the existing regulation would rather guarantee the Digital Tachograph as a compliance device rather than as an accurate recorder of driving history. Basic innovation is the application of short range communication technologies (like RFID) allowing the road authorities to scan by-passing vehicles and thus increasing the throughput by the order of ten.JRC.DG.G.7-Traceability and vulnerability assessmen

First Results of the PixelGEM Central Tracking System for COMPASS

For its physics program with a high-intensity hadron beam of up to 2e7 particles/s, the COMPASS experiment at CERN requires tracking of charged particles scattered by very small angles with respect to the incident beam direction. While good resolution in time and space is mandatory, the challenge is imposed by the high beam intensity, requiring radiation-hard detectors which add very little material to the beam path in order to minimize secondary interactions. To this end, a set of triple-GEM detectors with a hybrid readout structure consisting of pixels in the beam region and 2-D strips in the periphery was designed and built. Successful prototype tests proved the performance of this new detector type, showing both extraordinary high rate capability and detection efficiency. The amplitude information allowed to achieve spatial resolutions about a factor of 10 smaller than the pitch and a time resolution close to the theoretical limit imposed by the layout. The PixelGEM central tracking system consisting of five detectors, slightly improved with respect to the prototype, was completely installed in the COMPASS spectrometer in spring 2008