2,988 research outputs found
The Importance of Binary Gravitational Microlensing Events Through High-Magnification Channel
We estimate the detection efficiency of binary gravitational lensing events
through the channel of high-magnification events. From this estimation, we find
that binaries in the separations ranges of 0.1 < s < 10, 0.2 < s < 5, and 0.3 <
s < 3 can be detected with ~ 100% efficiency for events with magnifications
higher than A=100, 50, and 10, respectively, where s represents the projected
separation between the lens components normalized by the Einstein radius. We
also find that the range of high efficiency covers nearly the whole mass-ratio
range of stellar companions. Due to the high efficiency in wide ranges of
parameter space, we point out that majority of binary-lens events will be
detected through the high-magnification channel in lensing surveys that focus
on high-magnification events for efficient detections of microlensing planets.
In addition to the high efficiency, the simplicity of the efficiency estimation
makes the sample of these binaries useful in the statistical studies of the
distributions of binary companions as functions of mass ratio and separation.
We also discuss other importance of these events.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, 1 tabl
A Planetary lensing feature in caustic-crossing high-magnification microlensing events
Current microlensing follow-up observations focus on high-magnification
events because of the high efficiency of planet detection. However, central
perturbations of high-magnification events caused by a planet can also be
produced by a very close or a very wide binary companion, and the two kinds of
central perturbations are not generally distinguished without time consuming
detailed modeling (a planet-binary degeneracy). Hence, it is important to
resolve the planet-binary degeneracy that occurs in high-magnification events.
In this paper, we investigate caustic-crossing high-magnification events caused
by a planet and a wide binary companion. From this study, we find that because
of the different magnification excess patterns inside the central caustics
induced by the planet and the binary companion, the light curves of the
caustic-crossing planetary-lensing events exhibit a feature that is
discriminated from those of the caustic-crossing binary-lensing events, and the
feature can be used to immediately distinguish between the planetary and binary
companions. The planetary-lensing feature appears in the interpeak region
between the two peaks of the caustic-crossings. The structure of the interpeak
region for the planetary-lensing events is smooth and convex or boxy, whereas
the structure for the binary-lensing events is smooth and concave. We also
investigate the effect of a finite background source star on the
planetary-lensing feature in the caustic-crossing high-magnification events.
From this, we find that the convex-shaped interpeak structure appears in a
certain range that changes with the mass ratio of the planet to the
planet-hosting star.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
Super-Resolution Mapping of Photogenerated Electron and Hole Separation in Single Metal−Semiconductor Nanocatalysts
Metal-semiconductor heterostructures are promising visible light photocatalysts for many chemical reactions. Here, we use high-resolution superlocalization imaging to reveal the nature and photocatalytic properties of the surface reactive sites on single Au-CdS hybrid nanocatalysts. We experimentally reveal two distinct, incident energy-dependent charge separation mechanisms that result in completely opposite photogenerated reactive sites (e- and h+) and divergent energy flows on the hybrid nanocatalysts. We find that plasmon-induced hot electrons in Au are injected into the conduction band of the CdS semiconductor nanorod. The specifically designed Au-tipped CdS heterostructures with a unique geometry (two Au nanoparticles at both ends of each CdS nanorod) provide more convincing high-resolution single-turnover mapping results and clearly prove the two charge separation mechanisms. Engineering the direction of energy flow at the nanoscale can provide an efficient way to overcome important challenges in photocatalysis, such as controlling catalytic activity and selectivity. These results bear enormous potential impact on the development of better visible light photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical energy conversion
Harvesting electrical energy using plasmon-enhanced light pressure in a platinum cut cone
We have designed a method of harvesting electrical energy using plasmon-enhanced light pressure. A device was fabricated as a cut cone structure that optimizes light collection so that the weak incident light pressure can be sufficiently enhanced inside the cut cone to generate electrical energy. An increase in the device's current output is a strong indication that the pressure of incident light has been enhanced by the surface plasmons on a platinum layer inside the cut cone. The electrical energy harvested in a few minutes by irradiating pulsed laser light on a single micro device was possible to illuminate a blue LED
Effect of Mechanical Deformation on in Vitro Calcification of Segmented Polyurethane
To investigate why calcification is accelerated by mechanical flexure,
in vitro calcification of segmented polyurethane (SPU) under static elongation and
dynamic mechanical flexure was performed. After the calcification period, the amount
of calcium deposition was increased by elongation, but the amount of calcium
deposition per unit area of the elongated surface was relatively smaller as compared
to that of the severe flexing area. Although the surface calcium concentration of the
elongated SPU was relatively smaller than the flexed area, there was the increase of
surface area by the elongation. The total amount of deposited calcium on the elongated
SPU was increased as it is reduced to the original surface area. Therefore, the
results reveal that certain changes of surface properties by the Mechanical deformation
accelerate the calcium deposition onto the surface and the enlargement of
surface area by the mechanical deformation results in the heavy calcification of the
severe flexing area in the SPU
Piezoelectric energy harvesting using solar radiation pressure enhanced by surface plasmons at visible to near-infrared wavelengths
A light-pressure electric generator (LPEG) device, which harvests piezoelectric energy using solar radiation enhanced by surface plasmons (SPs), is demonstrated. The design of the device is motivated by the need to drastically increase the power output of existing piezoelectric devices based on SP resonance. The solar radiation pressure can be used as an energy source by employing an indium tin oxide (ITO)/Ag double layer to excite the SPs in the near-infrared (NIR) and visible light regions. The LPEG with the ITO layer generates an open-circuit voltage of 295 mV, a short-circuit current of 3.78 μA, and a power of 532.3 μW cm−2 under a solar simulator. The power of the LPEG device incorporating the ITO layer increased by 38% compared to the device without the ITO layer. The effect of the ITO layer on the electrical output of the LPEG was analyzed in detail by measuring the electrical output when visible and NIR lights are incident on the device using optical bandpass filters. In addition, finite-difference time-domain simulation confirmed that the pressure of the incident light can be further amplified by the ITO/Ag double layer. Finally, the energy harvested from the LPEG was stored in capacitors to successfully illuminate red light-emitting diodes
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