KINEMATICS ANALYSIS OF AN ANKLE INVERSION LIGAMENTOUS SPRAIN INJURY CASE IN BASKETBALL

Ankle inversion ligamentous sprain is one of the most common sports injuries. Model-Based Image Matching (MBIM) motion analysis technique allows us to understand the injury mechanism quantitatively by analyzing the three-dimensional human motion. In this study, the basketball player had performed an unwanted excessive ankle inversion by landing on the foot of the opponent. The ankle joint kinematics was presented within 0.1 second after footstrike. Result had further conformed that plantarflexion is not necessarily a criterion to sprain an ankle. Internal rotation associated with a sudden inversion would be the main phenomenon. An acceleration of inversion velocity is being suggested to be another important phenomenon of ankle inversion sprain injury. The quantified data in this study can serve as a base of development to investigate ankle joint motion

Review of ankle inversion sprain simulators in the biomechanics laboratory

Ankle inversion ligamentous sprain is one of the most common sports injuries. The most direct way is to investigate real injury incidents, but it is unethical and impossible to replicate on test participants. Simulators including tilt platforms, trapdoors, and fulcrum devices were designed to mimic ankle inversion movements in laboratories. Inversion angle was the only element considered in early designs; however, an ankle sprain is composed of inversion and plantarflexion in clinical observations. Inversion velocity is another parameter that increased the reality of simulation. This review summarised the simulators, and aimed to compare and contrast their features and settings

A COMPUTATIONAL BIOMECHANICS STUDY TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF MYOELECTRIC STIMULATION ON PERONEAL MUSCLES IN PREVENTING INVERSION-TYPE ANKLE LIGAMENTOUS SPRAIN INJURY

A three-dimensional multi-body lower limb model with 16 bones and 22 ligaments was developed to study ankle ligamentous inversion sprain. A male athlete who was diagnosed with a grade I anterior talofibular ligament (ATaFL) sprain during an accidental injury in laboratory in a published report. His ankle kinematics injury data profile was computed. The effect of delivering myoelectric stimulation on peroneal muscles was simulated as torques during ankle inversion. Largest strain in the ATaFL was 8.3%, 9.0% and 11.4%, respectively, at different inversion velocity thresholds of 300 deg/s, 400 deg/s and 500 deg/s. A ligament strain/sprain more than 10-15% would lead to a ligament tear suggesting that applied muscle moments could successfully prevent ankle inversion sprain when an injury identification threshold does not reach 400 deg/s

A COMPUTATIONAL BIOMECHANICS STUDY TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF MYOELECTRIC STIMULATION ON PERONEAL MUSCLES IN PREVENTING INVERSION-TYPE ANKLE LIGAMENTOUS SPRAIN INJURY

A three-dimensional multi-body lower limb model with 16 bones and 22 ligaments was developed to study ankle ligamentous inversion sprain. A male athlete who was diagnosed with a grade I anterior talofibular ligament (ATaFL) sprain during an accidental injury in laboratory in a published report. His ankle kinematics injury data profile was computed. The effect of delivering myoelectric stimulation on peroneal muscles was simulated as torques during ankle inversion. Largest strain in the ATaFL was 8.3%, 9.0% and 11.4%, respectively, at different inversion velocity thresholds of 300 deg/s, 400 deg/s and 500 deg/s. A ligament strain/sprain more than 10-15% would lead to a ligament tear suggesting that applied muscle moments could successfully prevent ankle inversion sprain when an injury identification threshold does not reach 400 deg/s

Kinematics analysis of ankle inversion ligamentous sprain injuries in sports: five cases from televised tennis competitions

Background: Ankle ligamentous sprain is common in sports. The most direct way to study the mechanism quantitatively is to study real injury cases; however, it is unethical and impractical to produce an injury in the laboratory. A recently developed, model-based image-matching motion analysis technique allows quantitative analysis of real injury incidents captured in televised events and gives important knowledge for the development of injury prevention protocols and equipment. To date, there have been only 4 reported cases, and there is a need to conduct more studies for a better understanding of the mechanism of ankle ligamentous sprain injury. Purpose: This study presents 5 cases in tennis and a comparison with 4 previous cases for a better understanding of the mechanism of ankle ligamentous sprain injury. Study Design: Case series; level of evidence, 4. Methods: Five sets of videos showing ankle sprain injuries in televised tennis competition with 2 camera views were collected. The videos were transformed, synchronized, and rendered to a 3-dimensional animation software. The dimensions of the tennis court in each case were obtained to build a virtual environment, and a skeleton model scaled to the injured athletes height was used for the skeleton matching. Foot strike was determined visually, and the profiles of the ankle joint kinematics were individually presented. Results: There was a pattern of sudden inversion and internal rotation at the ankle joint, with the peak values ranging from 48°- 126° and 35°-99°, respectively. In the sagittal plane, the ankle joint fluctuated between plantar flexion and dorsiflexion within the first 0.50 seconds after foot strike. The peak inversion velocity ranged from 509 to 1488 deg/sec. Conclusion: Internal rotation at the ankle joint could be one of the causes of ankle inversion sprain injury, with a slightly inverted ankle joint orientation at landing as the inciting event. To prevent the foot from rolling over the edge to cause a sprain injury, tennis players who do lots of sideward cutting motions should try to land with a neutral ankle orientation and keep the center of pressure from shifting laterally

Analysis of the Effect of Constructional Parameters and Dye Class on the UV Protection Property of Cotton Knitted Fabrics

201810_a bcmaVersion of RecordPublishe

Profile plots showing the interaction effect of fibre type with (a) yarn spinning method, (b) fineness of yarn, (c) dye concentration, (d) dye class, and (e) colour.

<p>Profile plots showing the interaction effect of fibre type with (a) yarn spinning method, (b) fineness of yarn, (c) dye concentration, (d) dye class, and (e) colour.</p

Profile plots showing the interaction effect of colour with (a) types of fibre, (b) yarn spinning method, (c) yarn fineness, (d) dye concentration, and (e) dye class.

<p>Profile plots showing the interaction effect of colour with (a) types of fibre, (b) yarn spinning method, (c) yarn fineness, (d) dye concentration, and (e) dye class.</p

UPF values of various control fabrics (without dyeing).

<p>UPF values of various control fabrics (without dyeing).</p

Profile plots showing the interaction effect of dye concentration with (a) types of fibre, (b) yarn spinning method, (c) yarn fineness, (d) dye class, and (e) colour.

<p>Profile plots showing the interaction effect of dye concentration with (a) types of fibre, (b) yarn spinning method, (c) yarn fineness, (d) dye class, and (e) colour.</p