Vitamin D and Cyclic Nucleotide Changes in Response to Calcitonin in Man

Vitamin D and cyclic AMP changes in response to calcitonin injection were studies in three normal adults and one patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. Plasma 1,25-(OH)2D levels increased in one normal adult and the patient. Plasma 25-OHD levels did not change. Plasma cyclic AMP was decreased in all four subjects, but urine cyclic AMP did not change. These results suggest that calcitonin may affect plasma cyclic AMP and may have some affect on renal la-hydroxylation in humans

リンパ球活性化におけるコンカナバリンAの接触時間に対するノイラミニダーゼの作用

Neuraminidase-treatment greatly increased 3H-thymidine incorporation by human lymphocytes at lower concentrations of Con A. An irreversible sequence after 24 hr of incubation in the presence of the optimal concentration of Con A was found. However, at a suboptimal concantraiton of Con A, neuraminidase-treated lymphocytes exposed to Con A for 72 hr exhibited a greater magnitude of 3H-thymidine incorporation in contrast to the neuraminidase-treated lymphocytes exposed to Con A for 24 hr, indicating that the enancement effect of neuraminidase was not due to the increased binding of Con A to cell surfaces.This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Project Nos. 544050 and 577401) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan

正常ヒト未梢血リンパ球のナチュラル・キラー活性について : I. アンモニウムクロライドによる活性抑制機序の検討

The inhibitory effect of ammonium choride pretreatment of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on natural killer (NK) activity to myeloid leukemic cell line K-562 was studied. The more dilute the ammonium chloride solution, the less was the inhibitory effect on NK activity. This inhibitory effect was weaker when effector cells were treated at 4°C than at 37°C. Inhibited NK activity recovered partially after incubation for 24 hours.This work was supported by a Research Grant (No. 544050) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan

National trends in the outcomes of subarachnoid haemorrhage and the prognostic influence of stroke centre capability in Japan: retrospective cohort study

Objectives To examine the national, 6-year trends in in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who underwent clipping or coiling and the prognostic influence of temporal trends in the Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) capabilities on patient outcomes in Japan.Design Retrospective study.Setting Six hundred and thirty-one primary care institutions in Japan.Participants Forty-five thousand and eleven patients with SAH who were urgently hospitalised, identified using the J-ASPECT Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.Primary and secondary outcome measures Annual number of patients with SAH who remained untreated, or who received clipping or coiling, in-hospital mortality and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale: 3–6) at discharge. Each CSC was assessed using a validated scoring system (CSC score: 1–25 points).Results In the overall cohort, in-hospital mortality decreased (year for trend, OR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)), while the proportion of poor functional outcomes remained unchanged (1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)). The proportion of patients who underwent clipping gradually decreased from 46.6% to 38.5%, while that of those who received coiling and those left untreated gradually increased from 16.9% to 22.6% and 35.4% to 38%, respectively. In-hospital mortality of coiled (0.94 (0.89 to 0.98)) and untreated (0.93 (0.90 to 0.96)) patients decreased, whereas that of clipped patients remained stable. CSC score improvement was associated with increased use of coiling (per 1-point increase, 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20)) but not with short-term patient outcomes regardless of treatment modality.Conclusions The 6-year trends indicated lower in-hospital mortality for patients with SAH (attributable to better outcomes), increased use of coiling and multidisciplinary care for untreated patients. Further increasing CSC capabilities may improve overall outcomes, mainly by increasing the use of coiling. Additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of confounders such as aneurysm complexity on outcomes of clipped patients in the modern endovascular era