Effects of Intermittent Administration of Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone‐Related Protein on Fracture Healing: A Narrative Review of Animal and Human Studies

Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates skeletal remodeling and is a potent anabolic agent in bone. PTH‐related protein (PTHrP) is anabolic acting on the same PTH1 receptor and is in therapeutic use for osteoporosis. The body of literature for PTH actions in fracture healing is emerging with promising yet not entirely consistent results. The objective of this review was to perform a literature analysis to extract up‐to‐date knowledge on the effects of intermittent PTH and PTHrP therapy in bone fracture healing. A literature search of the PubMed database was performed. Clinical case studies and articles related to “regeneration,” “implant,” and “distraction osteogenesis” were excluded. A narrative review was performed to deliberate the therapeutic potential of intermittent PTH administration on fracture healing. A smaller number of studies centered on the use of PTHrP or a PTHrP analog were also reviewed. Animal studies clearly show that intermittent PTH therapy promotes fracture healing and revealed the strong therapeutic potential of PTH. Human subject studies were fewer and not as consistent as the animal studies yet provide insight into the potential of intermittent PTH administration on fracture healing. Differences in outcomes for animal and human studies appear to be attributed partly to variable doses, fracture sites, age, remodeling patterns, and bone architectures, although other factors are involved. Future studies to examine the dose, timing, and duration of PTH administration will be necessary to further delineate the therapeutic potential of PTH for fracture healing in humans. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152728/1/jbm410250_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152728/2/jbm410250.pd

Comparing the Value Relevance of Cash Flow Ratios and DU Pont Ratios under IFRS: A Case Study

In this research, the main aim is to point out the importance of financial reporting from the companies' both internal and external points of view. For this reason it is good to emphasize that the accounting knowledge that will be gained by the companies' financial reports leads the way in decision making process of the internal and the external environment of the companies. Within this context, the financial ratios have been classified and described. By the reason of the fact that cash flow ratios and Du Pont ratios are the key considerations of the research, these mentioned ratios have been examined in more detail. While taking the next step, the value relevance of the cash flow ratios and Du Pont ratios have been compared. Within this value relevance comparison process, the companies that take place in BIST 100 have been taken into consideration. While comparing the value relevance of the cash flow ratios and Du Pont ratios of the BIST 100 companies, the effects of the CFFO, ROA, and ROE on the companies' stock prices and stock returns have been examined. Based on the findings that are obtained from the research, ROE and ROA are consistent with the stock price and/or return