Divided communities and contested landscapes: Mobility, development and shifting identities in migrant destination sites in Papua New Guinea

Internal conflicts at the local and national levels in several South Pacific countries have revealed the fragility of national unity and the difficulties nations face in governing and managing their own economic development. In Papua New Guinea, the focus of this paper, an uncertain economic future for many rural and urban communities, and rising inequalities in income opportunities and access to resources, have coincided with greater intolerance of migrants at sites of high in-migration by customary landowners and provincial and local authorities. This paper draws on fieldwork undertaken in the major oil palm growing regions of Papua New Guinea where migrants from densely populated regions of the country have settled on state land alienated from customary landowners. We examine how struggles over land, resource control and development are polarising migrant and landowner identities resulting in increasing tensions and episodic communal violence. A settler identity is emerging based on a narrative of nation building and national development, while an ethno-regional identity amongst customary landowners is undermining the citizen rights of migrants and challenging the role and authority of the state in land matters

From faceted classification to knowledge discovery of semi-structured text records

The maintenance and service records collected and maintained by the aerospace companies are a useful resource to the in-service engineers in providing their ongoing support of their aircrafts. Such records are typically semi-structured and contain useful information such as a description of the issue and references to correspondences and documentation generated during its resolution. The information in the database is frequently retrieved to aid resolution of newly reported issues. At present, engineers may rely on a keyword search in conjunction with a number field filters to retrieve relevant records from the database. It is believed that further values can be realised from the collection of these records for indicating recurrent and systemic issues which may not have been apparent previously. A faceted classification approach was implemented to enhance the retrieval and knowledge discovery from extensive aerospace in-service records. The retrieval mechanism afforded by faceted classification can expedite responses to urgent in-service issues as well as enable knowledge discovery that could potentially lead to root-cause findings and continuous improvement. The approach can be described as a structured text mining involving records preparation, construction of the classification schemes and data mining