11 research outputs found
Dependencias en la juventud hacia el alcohol y otras drogas
Ovisnost o alkoholu i ovisnosti o drogama, iako imaju niz zajedniÄkih crta u praktiÄnom planiranju, prevenciji, lijeÄenju i rehabilitaciji ovisnika, znatno se meÄusobno razlikuju. U radu je ukratko prikazana uglavnom ovisnost o alkoholu, a tek usput spomenuta i ovisnost o drogama.
U praktiÄnom radu na suzbijanju alkoholom izazvanih poremeÄaja najveÄe poteÅ”koÄe zadaju koncepti umjerenog pijenja kao druÅ”tveno prihvaÄenog stila života i koncept prema kojem bolest alkoholizma zahvaÄa predodreÄene osobe koje treba lijeÄiti u skladu s medicinskim modelom promatranja, dok ostali mogu slobodno piti.
I umjereno pijenje i alkoholizam prihvaÄeni su tipovi ponaÅ”anja, stila življenja. LijeÄenje i rehabilitacija tih osoba ne rjeÅ”avaju, meÄutim, probleme, jer samo smanjenje potroÅ”nje alkoholnih piÄa odreÄene populacije smanjuje prevalenciju alkoholom izazvanih poremeÄaja. To se može postiÄi Å”iroko programiranim zdravstvenim i socijalnim odgojem, meÄutim, i odgojitelj mora revidirati vlastiti stil ponaÅ”anja u odnosu na pijenje, jer inaÄe ne može poslužiti omladincu kao stil ponaÅ”anja.
Programi suzbijanja alkoholom izazvanih poremeÄaja zapoÄeli su se u SR Hrvatskoj sustavno provoditi od 1954. Godine 1964. osnovan je u Zagrebu Centar za prouÄavanje i suzbijanje alkoholizma i drugih ovisnosti, a tada su se poÄeli osnivati i klubovi lijeÄenih alkoholiÄara. Ove Äe godine u SR Hrvatskoj raditi 1000 klubova, a u susjednoj se Italiji od 1979. u suradnji s talijanskim kolegama osnivaju klubovi lijeÄenih alkoholiÄara. Danas radi viÅ”e od 400 klubova.
Programe suzbijanja alkoholom izazvanih poremeÄaja treba provoditi u mjesnoj zajednici i radnoj organizaciji. DosadaÅ”nji rad pokazuje pozitivne rezultate koji se oÄituju relativnim smanjenjem broja mladih osoba meÄu bolniÄki lijeÄenim alkoholiÄarima.
Uzrok pijenju mladih treba tražiti u utjecaju okoline u kojoj je pijenje Å”iroko prihvaÄeno. RjeÅ”avanje traži izmjenu stila ponaÅ”anja u mjesnoj zajednici provoÄenjem dobro osmiÅ”ljenog programa zdravstvenog i socijalnog odgoja.Las dependencias hacia el alcohol y hacia otras drogas, aun cuando tienen varias caracterĆsticas comunes, tanto en prevencion, tratamiento y reliabilitacion del dependiente, come asi mismo en la planificacion practica de los Programas, entre ellas enormemente se diferencian.
En el presente trabajo, hemos expuesto en general, la dependencia hacĆa el alcohol, y someramente, hacia otras drogas.
En el quehacer practico, las mayores dificultades en la eliminaciĆ³n de los problemas causados por el uso de las bebidas alcoholicas, son consecuencias de la aprobacion del concepto del beber moderado, como estilo social de vidaāDejando para un grupo predestinado de personas, la concepciĆ³n de la enfermedad alcohĆ³lica, quienes deben ser sometidas a tratamiento, de acuerdo con el modelo mĆ©dico en uso, mientras que las demas, pueden libremente continuar el uso de las bebidas alcohĆ³licas.
El beber moderadamente y el alcoholismo, son dos tipos conductuales, es decir, de estilo y modo de vida. El tratamiento y la rehabilitaciĆ³n de Ć©stas, sin embargo, no resuelve el problema, puesto que solo la disminucion del uso de las bebidas alcoholicas en determinada poblacion, puede influenciar en la prevalencia de las alteraciones causadas por el uso de bebidas alcoholicas. Todo esto es posibile, con el concurso de un Programa general de educacion socio-sanitaria debidamente planificado y actualizado. Sin embargo, no debemos olvidar, que el mismo educador debe revisar su posicion respecto a las bebidas alcoholicas, ya que de otra manera, no puede ser modelo de conducta e identificaciĆ³n en las generaciones mas jovenes.
Los Programas de eliminacion de las alteraciones causadas por el uso del alcohol, sistematicamente fueron puestas ya en la practica en la R. S. de Croacia, desde 1954. El ano 1964, se fundo en Zagreb (capital de la R. S. de Croacia), el āCentro para la investigaciĆ³n y eliminaciĆ³n del alcoholismo y otras dependenciasā, posteriormente, surgieron los Clubes de alcoholicos en tratamiento, los cuales para el presente 1986, pensamos llegaran a los 1.000 en Croacia, los mismos, en la vecina Italia, desde 1979, hemos ya fundados mas de los 400 Clubes.
Los programas de eliminacion de las alteraciones causadas por el uso del alcohol, son necesarias extirparles en la base misma, vale decir, en las comunidades sociales y laborales. Nuestras experiencias, estan ya senalando, la disminuciĆ³n del numero de jovenes tratados hospitalariamente.
Las causas del beber entre los jovenes debemos buscarlas en las actitudes de la Sociedad en general, en donde el beber es ampliamente aceptado. La solucion de Ć©stos, exige, naturalmente, un amplio cambio conductual en el modo y en el estilo de vida, partiendo de las raices de la sociedad misma, es decir, de la familia y de las comunidades sociales y en la puesta en practica, de un elaborado programa de educaciĆ³n socio-sanitario
Centar za prostatu: multidisciplinarnost, organizacija dijagnostike i lijeÄenja raka prostate
The aim of this paper is to show the results of prostate cancer treatment in Prostate Center of Department of Urology at the University Hospital Center Zagreb. The answer to growing demands for prostate cancer treatment due to increasing incidence is the formation of specialized, multidisciplinary units/centers that deal mainly with prostate cancer. The need was recognized by European School of Oncology and European Association of Urology, who have proposed their concepts of validating such centers with the aim of promoting high-quality prostate cancer treatment. Following these trends, the Department of Urology at the University Hospital Center Zagreb has
established the Prostate Center. This new unit offers specialized and individualized approach to workup, treatment and follow up for prostate cancer patients based on multidisciplinarity. The Prostate Center was also established as a platform for education and research.Cilj ovog rada je prikazati rezultate lijeÄenja pacijenata oboljelih od raka prostate u Centru za prostatu Klinike za urologiju KliniÄkog bolniÄkog centra Zagreb. U svijetu i Hrvatskoj incidencija raka prostate je u porastu zbog Äega se javlja poveÄana potreba za lijeÄenjem takvih pacijenata. Temeljem tih trendova zapoÄelo je stvaranje specijaliziranih, multidisciplinarnih timova koji se bave iskljuÄivo ovom boleÅ”Äu. Europska Å”kola onkologije i Europsko uroloÅ”ko druÅ”tvo prepoznali su važnost tog koncepta te su ubrzo predstavili svoje kriterije vrednovanja i akreditiranja takvih centara kako bi se potaknulo podizanje kvalitete lijeÄenja pacijenata s rakom prostate. Klinika za urologiju KliniÄkog bolniÄkog centra Zagreb je, potaknuta ovim trendovima, oformila Centar za prostatu koji pacijentima s rakom prostate nudi specijalizirani i individualizirani pristup dijagnostici, lijeÄenju i praÄenju utemeljen na multidisciplinarnosti. Centar za prostatu je takoÄer osmiÅ”ljen i kao platforma za edukaciju i znanstvena istraživanja
Trendovi kirurÅ”kog lijeÄenja bubrežnih novotvorina: rezultati jednog centra u posljednjem desetljeÄu
The majority of renal neoplasms can be treated surgically using open or minimally-
invasive approach. Nephron-sparing surgery should be used when possible, regardless to the operative
approach. In this retrospective study, we analyzed surgical trends of operative treatment of renal neoplasms
in the period from February 2011 until December 2020. There were a total of 1031 procedures,
703 (68.2%) radical nephrectomies (RN) and 328 (31.8%) partial nephrectomies (PN). Laparoscopic
approach was used in 211 (20.5%) (111 PN and 100 RN), while open approach was used in 820 (79.5%)
(328 PN and 703 RN) cases. There were 12 procedures performed with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass
and hypothermic arrest. The median operative time was 161 minutes for open RN and 158 for open
PN, 160 for laparoscopic RN, and 162 for laparoscopic PN. The most common pathology was clear cell
carcinoma in 693 (67.3%), papillary carcinoma in 115 (11.2%), chromophobe carcinoma in 67 (6.5%),
oncocytoma in 46 (4.5%), and angiomyolipoma in 33 (3.2%) patients. Pathologically, pT1 stage was
diagnosed in 56.9%, pT2 in 5.8%, pT3 in 22.4% and pT4 in 1.2% of patients. Regional lymphadenectomy
was performed in 354 (34.3%) patients, among which lymph nodes were positive in 40 (11.3%)
cases. Surgical margins were positive in 27 cases when PN was performed (8.2%). In conclusion, there
was an ongoing raising trend in the number of procedures in general, and also in minimally invasive and
nephron-sparing surgery in our study.VeÄina bubrežnih neoplazma može se lijeÄiti kirurÅ”ki primjenjujuÄi otvoreni ili minimalno invazivni pristup. Parcijalna
nefrektomija (PN) treba biti uÄinjena, kada je moguÄe, bez obzira na kirurÅ”ki pristup. U ovoj retrospektivnoj studiji analizirali
smo kirurÅ”ke trendove u operativnom lijeÄenju bubrežnih neoplazma u razdoblju od veljaÄe 2011. do prosinca 2020. godine.
Ukupno je uÄinjen 1031 zahvat, 703 (68,2%) radikalne nefrektomije (RN) i 211 (20,5%) PN. UÄinjeno je 211 (20,5%) laparoskopskih
(111 PN i 100 RN) i 820 (79,5%) otvorenih (328 PN i 703 RN) operacija. Dvanaest operacija je zahtijevalo
upotrebu hipotermiÄkog aresta i kardiopulmonalnog premoÅ”tenja. Medijan trajanja operacije je bio 161 minutu za otvorenu
RN, 158 za otvorenu PN, 160 minuta za laparoskopsku RN i 162 minute za laparoskopsku PN. NajÄeÅ”Äa patologija je bila
svijetlostaniÄni karcinom u 693 (67,3%), papilarni karcinom u 115 (11,2%), kromofobni karcinom u 67 (6,5%), onkocitom u
46 (4.5%) i angiomiolipom u 33 (3,2%) sluÄaja. PatoloÅ”ki, stadij pT1 dijagnosticiran je u 56,9%, pT2 u 5,8%, pT3 u 22,4% i
pT4 u 1,2% bolesnika. Regionalna limfadenektomija je uÄinjena u 354 (34,3%) bolesnika, meÄu kojima su limfni Ävorovi bili
pozitivni u 40 (11,3%) sluÄajeva. KirurÅ”ki rubovi su bili pozitivni u 27 (8,2%) sluÄajeva nakon PN. ZakljuÄno, vidljiv je trend
porasta ukupnog broja zahvata, a takoÄer i porast broja minimalno invazivnih i za bubreg poÅ”tednih zahvata
Trendovi kirurÅ”kog lijeÄenja bubrežnih novotvorina: rezultati jednog centra u posljednjem desetljeÄu
The majority of renal neoplasms can be treated surgically using open or minimally-
invasive approach. Nephron-sparing surgery should be used when possible, regardless to the operative
approach. In this retrospective study, we analyzed surgical trends of operative treatment of renal neoplasms
in the period from February 2011 until December 2020. There were a total of 1031 procedures,
703 (68.2%) radical nephrectomies (RN) and 328 (31.8%) partial nephrectomies (PN). Laparoscopic
approach was used in 211 (20.5%) (111 PN and 100 RN), while open approach was used in 820 (79.5%)
(328 PN and 703 RN) cases. There were 12 procedures performed with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass
and hypothermic arrest. The median operative time was 161 minutes for open RN and 158 for open
PN, 160 for laparoscopic RN, and 162 for laparoscopic PN. The most common pathology was clear cell
carcinoma in 693 (67.3%), papillary carcinoma in 115 (11.2%), chromophobe carcinoma in 67 (6.5%),
oncocytoma in 46 (4.5%), and angiomyolipoma in 33 (3.2%) patients. Pathologically, pT1 stage was
diagnosed in 56.9%, pT2 in 5.8%, pT3 in 22.4% and pT4 in 1.2% of patients. Regional lymphadenectomy
was performed in 354 (34.3%) patients, among which lymph nodes were positive in 40 (11.3%)
cases. Surgical margins were positive in 27 cases when PN was performed (8.2%). In conclusion, there
was an ongoing raising trend in the number of procedures in general, and also in minimally invasive and
nephron-sparing surgery in our study.VeÄina bubrežnih neoplazma može se lijeÄiti kirurÅ”ki primjenjujuÄi otvoreni ili minimalno invazivni pristup. Parcijalna
nefrektomija (PN) treba biti uÄinjena, kada je moguÄe, bez obzira na kirurÅ”ki pristup. U ovoj retrospektivnoj studiji analizirali
smo kirurÅ”ke trendove u operativnom lijeÄenju bubrežnih neoplazma u razdoblju od veljaÄe 2011. do prosinca 2020. godine.
Ukupno je uÄinjen 1031 zahvat, 703 (68,2%) radikalne nefrektomije (RN) i 211 (20,5%) PN. UÄinjeno je 211 (20,5%) laparoskopskih
(111 PN i 100 RN) i 820 (79,5%) otvorenih (328 PN i 703 RN) operacija. Dvanaest operacija je zahtijevalo
upotrebu hipotermiÄkog aresta i kardiopulmonalnog premoÅ”tenja. Medijan trajanja operacije je bio 161 minutu za otvorenu
RN, 158 za otvorenu PN, 160 minuta za laparoskopsku RN i 162 minute za laparoskopsku PN. NajÄeÅ”Äa patologija je bila
svijetlostaniÄni karcinom u 693 (67,3%), papilarni karcinom u 115 (11,2%), kromofobni karcinom u 67 (6,5%), onkocitom u
46 (4.5%) i angiomiolipom u 33 (3,2%) sluÄaja. PatoloÅ”ki, stadij pT1 dijagnosticiran je u 56,9%, pT2 u 5,8%, pT3 u 22,4% i
pT4 u 1,2% bolesnika. Regionalna limfadenektomija je uÄinjena u 354 (34,3%) bolesnika, meÄu kojima su limfni Ävorovi bili
pozitivni u 40 (11,3%) sluÄajeva. KirurÅ”ki rubovi su bili pozitivni u 27 (8,2%) sluÄajeva nakon PN. ZakljuÄno, vidljiv je trend
porasta ukupnog broja zahvata, a takoÄer i porast broja minimalno invazivnih i za bubreg poÅ”tednih zahvata
Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Renal Transplant Recipient
Kod muÅ”karca u dobi od 57 godina hemodijaliza je zapoÄeta 1998. godine zbog zavrÅ”nog stadija kroniÄnog zatajenja bubrega uzrokovanog IgA nefropatijom. Bolesnik je primio alograft u travnju 2002. godine te je lijeÄen ciklosporinom, mikofenolatom mofetil i steroidima. Funkcija transplantata je bila optimalna, bez akutnog odbacivanja. U rujnu 2004. zapažen je crveni bezbolni intradermalni Ävor u lijevom predaurikularnom podruÄju. Imunohistokemijsko bojenje je pokazalo perinuklearnu izraženost citokeratina 20 i sinaptofizina, kao i prisutnost za neuron specifiÄne enolaze i kromogranina, sve znakovito za karcinom Merkelovih stanica. Bila je potrebna ponovna radikalna ekscizija uz medijan granice od 2 cm. Bolesnik je primio dopunsku terapiju u ukupnoj dozi od 55 Gy u 20 ciklusa. Imunosupresivna terapija je smanjena. Karcinom Merkelovih stanica je rijedak agresivni rak koji se može pogreÅ”no dijagnosticirati kao indolentna bolest kože. Kod imunokompromitiranih domaÄina on nastaje ÄeÅ”Äe, u mlaÄoj dobi i vjerojatno poprima agresivniji tijek negoli u opÄoj populaciji.A 57-year-old male was started on hemodialysis in 1998 because of end-stage renal disease caused by IgA nephropathy. He received an allograft in April 2002 and was treated with cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and steroids. Graft function was optimal, without episodes of acute rejection. A red intradermal painless nodule was observed in the left preauricular region in September 2004. Immunohistochemical staining showed perinuclear expression of cytokeratin 20 and synaptophysin as well as the presence of neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin, characteristic of Merkel cell carcinoma. Radical re-excision with a median margin of 2 cm was necessary. The patient received adjuvant radiotherapy in a total dose of 55 Gy in 20 cycles. Immunosuppressive therapy was reduced. Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare aggressive cancer that may be misdiagnosed as an indolent skin disease. In immunocompromised host it is more likely to occur, at a younger age and probably assuming a more aggressive course than in the general population
Targeted prostate biopsy using a cognitive fusion of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and transrectal ultrasound in patients with previously negative systematic biopsies and non-suspicious digital rectal exam
Aim: To compare cognitive fusion targeted and systematic prostate biopsy in patients with repeated negative systematic biopsy but persistent clinical suspicion for prostate cancer.
----- Methods: The study enrolled 63 patients with at least one previously negative systematic biopsy who underwent targeted prostate biopsy using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in addition to standardized systematic biopsy from July 2016 to May 2018. Multiparametric MRI was performed with 3 Tesla device by uro-radiologists experienced in prostate cancer. Lesions with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3, 4, and 5 were considered suspicious. Targeted biopsies were performed with cognitive fusion of TRUS and mpMRI.
----- Results: Prostate cancer detection, using either targeted or systematic biopsy, was 60.32%. Targeted biopsies were positive in 52.38% and systematic biopsies in 47.62% of patients. The median highest percentage of cancer involvement per biopsy core was significantly higher in targeted cylinders. The biopsies obtained by using the two techniques did not significantly differ in Gleason score.
----- Conclusion: Cognitive targeted prostate biopsy based on mpMRI presents a valuable addition to systematic biopsy in patients with repeated negative systematic biopsies but persistent clinical suspicion of prostate cancer
Multidisciplinarno kirurÅ”ko lijeÄenje bubrežnog karcinoma svijetlih stanica sa tumorskim trombom donje Å”uplje vene razine III i IV: naÅ”e iskustvo u proteklom desetljeÄu
Patients with non-metastatic, stage T3 clear-cell renal cell cancer present a clinical challenge for urologists. The extent of tumor thrombus in inferior vena cava is the primary determinant of surgical procedure complexity. Level III and IV thrombi require the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic arrest. Careful preoperative planning and a multidisciplinary approach are mandatory. In this paper, we report outcomes of 12 patients who were surgically treated in our center. The 29 months overall survival for all patients was 69%, while three patients died during follow-up. Of nine surviving patients, six are currently disease-free, whereas three had disease progression. Our study showed that carefully selected patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus level III and IV could be successfully treated with an aggressive surgical approach.Pacijenti sa nemetastatskim, svijetlostaniÄnim karcinomom bubrega stadija T3, predstavljaju kliniÄki izazov za urologe. Doseg tumorskog tromba unutar donje Å”uplje vene je glavna odrednica složenosti krurÅ”kog zahvata. Tumorski trombi razine III i IV zahtijevaju upotrebu kardiopulmonalnog premoÅ”tenja I hipotermijskog aresta. Pažljiva preoperativna procjena i multidisciplinarni pristup je neophodan. U naÅ”em centru je lijeÄeno 12 pacijenata sa svijetlostaniÄnim karcinomom bubrega i tumorskim trombom u donjoj Å”upljoj veni. Ukupno preživljenje nakon 29 mjeseci je za ove pacijente bilo 69%. U ovom trenutku, od 9 preživjelih pacijenata, 6 je bez recidiva bolesti, a 3 imaju progresiju. U naÅ”oj studiji smo pokazali da pažljivo izabrani pacijenti sa svijetlostaniÄnim karcinomom bubrega i tumorskim trombom razine III i IV mogu biti izlijeÄeni agresivnim kirurÅ”kim pristupom