Evaluation of Commercial Connectors for Active Neural Implants.

Multichannel connectors enable part-replacement of implanted active neural interfaces. For pre-clinical investigation, commercially available miniature connectors enable high channel counts with reduced size and cost. In this paper, Omnetics Nano Circular connectors were encapsulated with medical grade silicone, and assembled using an approach proposed used in surgery. Three 11-pin connectors were tested in PBS for 336 days with cyclic loading for a total of 66 days. A single connector failed with current leakage between channels due to moisture at the connecting interface, and with corrosion at 3 solder joints. The surviving connectors maintained a low contact impedance and high between-channel impedance over 336 days. Inspection of the failed sample emphasizes the need for stress relief near implanted connectors and void-free encapsulation

A Versatile Hermetically Sealed Microelectronic Implant for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Applications

This article presents a versatile neurostimulation platform featuring a fully implantable multi-channel neural stimulator for chronic experimental studies with freely moving large animal models involving peripheral nerves. The implant is hermetically sealed in a ceramic enclosure and encapsulated in medical grade silicone rubber, and then underwent active tests at accelerated aging conditions at 100°C for 15 consecutive days. The stimulator microelectronics are implemented in a 0.6-μm CMOS technology, with a crosstalk reduction scheme to minimize cross-channel interference, and high-speed power and data telemetry for battery-less operation. A wearable transmitter equipped with a Bluetooth Low Energy radio link, and a custom graphical user interface provide real-time, remotely controlled stimulation. Three parallel stimulators provide independent stimulation on three channels, where each stimulator supports six stimulating sites and two return sites through multiplexing, hence the implant can facilitate stimulation at up to 36 different electrode pairs. The design of the electronics, method of hermetic packaging and electrical performance as well as in vitro testing with electrodes in saline are presented

A Microchannel Neural Interface ASIC

This paper presents an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for use in a three-dimensional microchannel neural interface. The device is assembled with seven stacked ASICs with silicone microchannels instrumented in between. Each ASIC comprises tripolar electrodes for seven channels allowing recording or stimulation from any one of the 49 microchannels. The ASIC is implemented in 0.35μm high-voltage CMOS technology and occupies an active area of 4 mm2. The device has been tested demonstrating recording of 1 mV signals, and current controlled stimulation in the range of 5 μA to 500 μA (with 40 V compliance) and up to 50 kHz stimulation frequency. The device overcomes limits on numbers of connected microchannels in previous designs

An ASIC for Recording and Stimulation in Stacked Microchannel Neural Interfaces

This paper presents an active microchannel neural interface (MNI) using seven stacked application specific integrated circuits (ASIC). The approach provides a solution to the present problem of interconnect density in 3-dimensional MNIs. The 4 mm2 ASIC is implemented in 0.35 μm high-voltage CMOS technology. Each ASIC is the base for seven microchannels each with three electrodes in a pseudo-tripolar arrangement. Multiplexing allows stimulating or recording from any one of 49 channels, across 7 ASICs. Connections to the ASICs are made with a 5-line parallel bus. Current controlled biphasic stimulation from 5 μA to 500 μA has been demonstrated with switching between channels and ASICs. The high-voltage technology gives a compliance of 40 V for stimulation, appropriate for the high impedances within microchannels. High frequency biphasic stimulation, up to 40 kHz is achieved, suitable for reversible high frequency nerve blocks. Recording has been demonstrated with mV level signals; common-mode inputs are differentially distorted and limit the CMRR to 40dB. The ASIC has been used in vitro in conjunction with an oversize (2 mm diameter) microchannel in phosphate buffered saline, demonstrating attenuation of interference from outside the microchannel and tripolar recording of signals from within the microchannel. By using 5-lines for 49 active microchannels the device overcomes limitations with connecting many electrodes in a 3-dimensional miniaturised nerve interface

Nexus Between Sarcopenia and Microbiome Research: A Bibliometric Exploration

Runjie Li,1,2,* Rongna Lian,1,3,* Hiruni T Siriwardena,4 Jiaojiao Jiang,5 Ming Yang1,3 1National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Geriatrics, Ya ‘an People’s Hospital, Ya ‘an, People’s Republic of China; 3Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 4West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 5Rehabilitation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ming Yang, Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, Tel\Fax +86 28 8542 2321, Email [email protected]; [email protected] Jiaojiao Jiang, Rehabilitation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, Tel\Fax +86 28 8542 2313, Email [email protected]: Despite over 30 years of microbiome and skeletal muscle research, no quantitative analysis of sarcopenia and the microbiome literature had been conducted. Our bibliometric study examined research status, hotspots, and future trends. We utilized bibliometric techniques to search the Science Citation Index Extended Database on February 27, 2023, using the Bibliometrix package in R to create a map displaying scientific production and subject categories. Collaborative network maps between countries/regions were visualized using Scimago Graphica, while VOSviewer explored collaboration modes among individuals and institutions. We analyzed the top 25 emerging keywords, top co-occurring keyword networks, and co-occurring keyword clusters using CiteSpace. A total of 997 articles were retrieved for sarcopenia and microbiome, of which 633 papers were analyzed. Both the number of publications and total citation frequency had been continuously increasing. The United States had the highest total citation frequency, while China had the highest number of publications. Research on the impact of the microbiome on sarcopenia was in its nascent stage and spans multiple disciplines, including nutrition, microbiology, geriatrics, immunology, endocrinology and metabolism, molecular biology, and sports medicine. The University of Copenhagen contributed the most to the number of publications (n=16), with Tibbett M (n=7) and Hulver MW (n=7) among the top authors. The most published journal was “Nutrients” (n=24). Analysis of keywords and clusters revealed new research hotspots in microbes and sarcopenia, such as malnutrition, dietary fiber, signaling pathways, frailty, and intestinal permeability. Research on the impact of the microbiome on sarcopenia is in its infancy and spans multiple disciplines. Malnutrition, dietary fiber, signaling pathways, frailty, and intestinal microbes are currently research hotspots. Furthermore, the visual atlas analysis of research on microbes and sarcopenia helps to track the knowledge structure in research fields related to sarcopenia and microbes, providing direction for future research. Keywords: bibliometric analysis, microbes, skeletal muscle, scientometrics, muscle wastin

Observation of the Zero Doppler Effect

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material.National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2011CB922001), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11234010)

Metal-insulator transition in vanadium dioxide nanobeams: probing sub-domain properties of strongly correlated materials

Many strongly correlated electronic materials, including high-temperature superconductors, colossal magnetoresistance and metal-insulator-transition (MIT) materials, are inhomogeneous on a microscopic scale as a result of domain structure or compositional variations. An important potential advantage of nanoscale samples is that they exhibit the homogeneous properties, which can differ greatly from those of the bulk. We demonstrate this principle using vanadium dioxide, which has domain structure associated with its dramatic MIT at 68 degrees C. Our studies of single-domain vanadium dioxide nanobeams reveal new aspects of this famous MIT, including supercooling of the metallic phase by 50 degrees C; an activation energy in the insulating phase consistent with the optical gap; and a connection between the transition and the equilibrium carrier density in the insulating phase. Our devices also provide a nanomechanical method of determining the transition temperature, enable measurements on individual metal-insulator interphase walls, and allow general investigations of a phase transition in quasi-one-dimensional geometry.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, original submitted in June 200

Modulating signaling networks by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated transposable element insertion

In a recent past, transposable elements (TEs) were referred to as selfish genetic components only capable of copying themselves with the aim of increasing the odds of being inherited. Nonetheless, TEs have been initially proposed as positive control elements acting in synergy with the host. Nowadays, it is well known that TE movement into host genome comprises an important evolutionary mechanism capable of increasing the adaptive fitness. As insights into TE functioning are increasing day to day, the manipulation of transposition has raised an interesting possibility of setting the host functions, although the lack of appropriate genome engineering tools has unpaved it. Fortunately, the emergence of genome editing technologies based on programmable nucleases, and especially the arrival of a multipurpose RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease system, has made it possible to reconsider this challenge. For such purpose, a particular type of transposons referred to as miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) has shown a series of interesting characteristics for designing functional drivers. Here, recent insights into MITE elements and versatile RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering system are given to understand how to deploy the potential of TEs for control of the host transcriptional activity.Fil: Vaschetto, Luis Maria Benjamin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Diversidad Animal I; Argentin