Application of hight performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorimetric detection for determination of human milk retinol

World health organization has introduced concentration of vitamin A in breast milk as a proper indicator for characterization of vitamin A deficiency in lactating mothers and their infants (<6 mo). A normal phase high performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorometric detection as a specific and sensitive detector was used for characterization of all-trans retional from 13-Cis retinal. The method was sensitive (0.009 ppm) and accurate (1±0.054 µ mol/l) and had a good recovery percentage (99.36%). This method was more better than before methods and was compatible with the other useful methods. Effect of freezing and defreezing on all-trans retinol content of milk sample was investigated. The result was interesting, whatever all-trans retinol content was bigger, it’s destroying was bigger too. Because of that reseon, day today reproducibility wasn’t good. Standard of retinol was 95% all-trans and pure so we should use this method because two retinol isomers wasn’t separated from each other by reversed phase chromatography and UV detection

Burning Mouth Syndrome in Zahedan; the Southeast of Islamic Republic of Iran

Statement of Problem: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a burning sensation in the tongue or other oral sites, usually in the absence of clinical and laboratory findings.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the main epidemiological and clinical features involved in burning mouth syndrome in Zahedan; southeast of Iran.Materials and Methods: In this case series study, 89 BMS patients were selected from those referred to the Department of the Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, and Khatam-ol-anbia, central hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, during2002 to 2003. The study group consisted of 62 female (69.7%) and 27 male (30.3 %)patients, with a mean age of 60.9 years, ranging from 40 to 89 years. In all cases a study protocol, specially designed for this disease was completed, including general, medical and oral information and an intraoral examination. Comparative and descriptivestatistical analysis was performed. The Chi-square test was considered significant at p<0.05.Results: The 50-59 years age group showed the highest prevalence among the studied cases (24.3%). The tongue was the most frequent location of symptoms, affected in 86 patients (96.6%). In addition to the burning sensation, 25.8% and 48.3% of the patientscomplained of oral dryness and dysgusia, respectively. Type III BMS was the most common subtype (50.6%). In women, 90.3% were postmenopausal. Type II diabetes was observed in 36% of the patients and 37.1% suffered from respiratory disease,23.6% from gastritis, 15.7% from liver diseases, 30.3% from renal disease, 40.4% fromhypertension and 43.8% had sleep disorders. Also, 52.8% revealed seasonal allergy,32.6% had temporomandibular joint disorders and 59.6% had poor oral hygiene.Conclusion: BMS is a complex and multifactorial disease process in which numerous possible etiologies must be eliminated before the proper treatment can be initiated

Ultrastructural Study of Neutrophils in Fetal Rat Spleen Following Lead Intoxication

Introduction: Lead is one of the heavy metals that have adverse effects on blood cellsand hemopoiesis. In this study the ultrastructure of neutrophils in fetal rat spleen wereinvestigated following lead intoxication. Material and Methods: Thirty female and 6 male Sprague-Dawley rats were chosenby simple random sampling. After mating the pregnant rats were classified into test and controlgroups. From the first day of pregnancy the test group was provided ad lib with watercontaining 0.13% lead acetate and the control group had access to distilled water. After birth 10newborn in each group were chosen by systematic random sampling. The spleens of thenewborn rats were fixed in a solution of 2% glutaraldehyde, and after processing, sections werestudied by a transmission electron microscope. Results: The ultrastructural changes included: irregular nuclei with deep invagination,plasma membrane pockets, presence of vacuoles with a heterogeneous material and anincreasing incidence of rough endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisternae. No differencesbetween the groups were observed in the mitochondrial morphology and pattern of cytoplasmicgranules (primary granules with electron dense appearance and specific or secondary granuleswith less electron density and heterogeneous appearance). Conclusion: Lead transmitted via the placenta can affect the ultrastructure, and mostprobably the function, of fetal neutrophils. More attention must be given to the dangers of leadpollution of the environment and the need to eliminate exposure to lead in work place

A stereological analysis of renal glomeruli following chronic Lead intoxication in rat during a continuous period of 8 weeks

Stereologic methods are used to abtain quantitative information about 3-dimensional structures from histologic sections. The aim of the present study was using new and unbiased stereologic techniques to investigate changes in volume and number of glomeruli after chronic lead acetate intoxication both quantitatively and in 3-dimensional spaces.Lead is one of the heavy metals that has adverse effects on renal function. These effects may involve the renal tubules as well as the glomeruli. Several qualitative histologic studies have been performed regarding the effects of lead on renal tissue and the glomeruli some of which report changes in volume and number of the glomeruli.Male adult wistar rats in four groups (each including 9 rats) were randomly selected. The case groups (treatment groups) were first given 0.5% and then 1% lead acetate in their drining water for 8 weeks. The negative and positive control groups were given distilled water and 0.4% acetic acid solution in the same period respectively.Stereologic analysis was performed based on Cavalierie’s principle to determine the reference volume (VReference), the fraction volume of glomeruli (VVGlom), and total glomerular volume (VTGlom). Furthermore the numerical density (NVGlom) and total number of glomeruli (NTGlom) were estimated using the physical dissector.Results showed that the number of glomeruli in case group which had received 1% lead acetate in drinking water decreased significantly (P0. This study confirms qualitative observational histologic studies with an unbiased and exact method, and expresses the chages in the number and volume of renal glomeruli after lead intoxication.05). on the other hand, glomerular total volume in both 1% and 0.5% groups increased significantly after lead intoxication. Comparing positive and negative control groups (P&lt;0.0

"Stereological analysis of renal glomeruli following chronic lead intoxication in rat during a continuos period of 8 weeks "

Background: Stereologic methods are used to obtain quantitative information about three dimensional structures from histologic sections. The aim of present study was using new and unbiased stereological techniques to investigated changes in volume and number of glomeruli after chronic lead acetate intoxication. Lead is one of the heavy metals that have adverse effects on renal function. Its effects can involve both renal tubules as well as glomeruli. So many studies based on observation and qualitative reports. Some of which report changes in volume and number of glomeruli. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided to four groups (n=9). During a period of 8 weeks, the treatment groups were given 0.5 percent and 1 percent lead acetate in drinking water and the control and sham control were given distilled water and 0.4 percent acetic acid solution respectively. Stereological analysis based on Cavalierie&apos;s principle was performed to determine the reference volume (VRefrence), the fraction volume of glomeruli (VVGlom) and total glomerular volume (VTGlom). Furthermore, for estimating the numerical density (NVGlom) and total number of glomeruli (NTGlom), the physical dissector was utilized. Results: Results showed that the number of glomeruli in treatment group which received 1 percent lead acetate in drinking water decreased significantly (P0.05). On the other hand glomerular total volume in both 0.5 percent and 1 percent groups increased significantly in comparison to control and sham control groups (P=0.000). Conclusion: This experiment is in agreement with other qualitative reports by using unbiased method of stereological methods and showed changes in volume and number of glomeruli following lead acetate intoxication

Continuous Catalyst/Wax Separation Method

An improved Method for the separation of catalyst particles and the wax product from the output slurry of a Fischer-Tropsch bubble column reactor comprising the contact of a hydrocarbon solvent from a cyclic solvent stream with the slurry, wherein the solvent is a hydrocarbon fraction which is pressurized and heated to its supercritical state and the temperature and the pressure of the solvent at the supercritical state are similar to those of the F-T reactor. After the separating of the catalyst from the hydrocarbon mixture of the solvent and the slurry in a catalyst separation section the hydrocarbon solvent and the wax product are separated, whereby the recovered solvent phase is lead to the cyclic solvent stream; which is used after re-pressurizing and re-heating in a supercritical solvent supply module to recycling the hydrocarbon solvent for the contact step. A system for carrying out the method is also disclosed

Association of polymorphism in Exon 3 of toll-like receptor 4 gene with somatic cell score and milk production traits in Holstein dairy cows of Iran

Mastitis is a complex inflammatory disease of the mammary gland that is caused by the invasion of pathogens. This leads to reduced synthetic capacity, compositional changes and increased somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a cell surface receptor that recognizes lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria. Its role in pathogen recognition and the subsequent immune response and differential expression of the gene during mastitis have prompted the investigation of TLR4 gene as a candidate to improve mastitis resistance in dairy cattle. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in putative co-receptor-binding region 2 (T4CRBR2) of the TLR4 gene with somatic cell score (SCS) and milk-related traits in 408 Iranian Holstein cows. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was performed for genotyping. The effect of the genotype on the traits of interest was analysed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS software. The B allele frequency was 0.634 and the distribution of genotypes was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the overall population. The B allele of the SNP was associated with higher 305-day milk yield and breeding value for milk yield, and lower fat percentage and lower SCS, as compared with allele A. The association between TLR4 polymorphism with SCS and milk production traits reported in this study suggests that this SNP has the potential to be used as a marker for selection, based on molecular information.Keywords: TLR4 gene, mastitis, candidate gene, milk-related traits, single nucleotide polymorphism, SN