9,968 research outputs found
Automatic Emergency Dust-Free solution on-board International Space Station with Bi-GRU (AED-ISS)
With a rising attention for the issue of PM2.5 or PM0.3, particulate matters
have become not only a potential threat to both the environment and human, but
also a harming existence to instruments onboard International Space Station
(ISS). Our team is aiming to relate various concentration of particulate
matters to magnetic fields, humidity, acceleration, temperature, pressure and
CO2 concentration. Our goal is to establish an early warning system (EWS),
which is able to forecast the levels of particulate matters and provides ample
reaction time for astronauts to protect their instruments in some experiments
or increase the accuracy of the measurements; In addition, the constructed
model can be further developed into a prototype of a remote-sensing smoke alarm
for applications related to fires. In this article, we will implement the
Bi-GRU (Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit) algorithms that collect data for
past 90 minutes and predict the levels of particulates which over 2.5
micrometer per 0.1 liter for the next 1 minute, which is classified as an early
warningComment: 11 pages, 5 figures, and 1 tabl
Supercontinuum generation and carrier envelope offset frequency measurement in a tapered single-mode fiber
We report supercontinuum generation by launching femtosecond Yb fiber laser
pulses into a tapered single-mode fiber of 3 um core diameter. A spectrum of
more than one octave, from 550 to 1400 nm, has been obtained with an output
power of 1.3 W at a repetition rate of 250 MHz, corresponding to a coupling
efficiency of up to 60%. By using a typical f-2f interferometer, the carrier
envelope offset frequency was measured and found to have a signal-to-noise
ratio of nearly 30 dB.Comment: 10 pages, accepted by Appl Phys
Enhancing malaria diagnosis through microfluidic cell enrichment and magnetic resonance relaxometry detection
Despite significant advancements over the years, there remains an urgent need for low cost diagnostic approaches that allow for rapid, reliable and sensitive detection of malaria parasites in clinical samples. Our previous work has shown that magnetic resonance relaxometry (MRR) is a potentially highly sensitive tool for malaria diagnosis. A key challenge for making MRR based malaria diagnostics suitable for clinical testing is the fact that MRR baseline fluctuation exists between individuals, making it difficult to detect low level parasitemia. To overcome this problem, it is important to establish the MRR baseline of each individual while having the ability to reliably determine any changes that are caused by the infection of malaria parasite. Here we show that an approach that combines the use of microfluidic cell enrichment with a saponin lysis before MRR detection can overcome these challenges and provide the basis for a highly sensitive and reliable diagnostic approach of malaria parasites. Importantly, as little as 0.0005% of ring stage parasites can be detected reliably, making this ideally suited for the detection of malaria parasites in peripheral blood obtained from patients. The approaches used here are envisaged to provide a new malaria diagnosis solution in the near future.Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Cente
Extending Context Window of Large Language Models via Semantic Compression
Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) often impose limitations on
the length of the text input to ensure the generation of fluent and relevant
responses. This constraint restricts their applicability in scenarios involving
long texts. We propose a novel semantic compression method that enables
generalization to texts that are 6-8 times longer, without incurring
significant computational costs or requiring fine-tuning. Our proposed
framework draws inspiration from source coding in information theory and
employs a pre-trained model to reduce the semantic redundancy of long inputs
before passing them to the LLMs for downstream tasks. Experimental results
demonstrate that our method effectively extends the context window of LLMs
across a range of tasks including question answering, summarization, few-shot
learning, and information retrieval. Furthermore, the proposed semantic
compression method exhibits consistent fluency in text generation while
reducing the associated computational overhead
Fabrication of multianalyte CeO2 nanograin electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor biosensors by using CF4 plasma treatment
Multianalyte CeO2 biosensors have been demonstrated to detect pH, glucose, and urine concentrations. To enhance the multianalyte sensing capability of these biosensors, CF4 plasma treatment was applied to create nanograin structures on the CeO2 membrane surface and thereby increase the contact surface area. Multiple material analyses indicated that crystallization or grainization caused by the incorporation of flourine atoms during plasma treatment might be related to the formation of the nanograins. Because of the changes in surface morphology and crystalline structures, the multianalyte sensing performance was considerably enhanced. Multianalyte CeO2 nanograin electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor biosensors exhibit potential for use in future biomedical sensing device applications
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and its Transition: An Ongoing Cohort Study in Chinese Kazakhs
Studies on the prevalence of risk factors and the incidence for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are limited in Kazakh population. By incorporating nomads, farmers, and urban residents, aged 30 years or older, in a cohort study, we investigated the characteristics of cardiovascular risk factors and their temporal trends that arose from the urbanization and subsequent changes in the lifestyle in a Kazakh population with 1668 participants. We used current guidelines and the monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease (MONICA) standard to define cardiovascular events. Kazakhs had a high prevalence rate of hypertension (45.3%), and this prevalence was much higher than the national average in China. Prevalence of two or more risk factors was highest among urban people and lowest among nomads. Urban residents have the highest prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and obesity compared with farmers and nomads. However, unlike other studies, our data indicate that young men had the highest prevalence of dyslipidemia, and it decreased significantly thereafter. Crude rates of incidence and mortality for acute cardiovascular events were 742 and 194 per 100,000 people, respectively; the standardized rates were 926 and 272 per 100,000 people, respectively. The findings from this study demonstrate the pervasive burden of cardiovascular risk factors and the related acute cardiovascular events in Kazakhs, particularly BP in Kazakh nomads
GRANULAR FLOW IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD
The granular flow in a vertical pipe in the presence of electric field E is studied. Depending upon its initial state and the applied field voltage the controlled flow rate remains in two phases, dilute flow or dense flow. For dilute flow, the electric field has no effect on the flow rate until V reaches a critical value Vj. At V = V 1} the flow rate drops abruptly and a transition of the particulate from dilute to dense flow occurs. For dense flow, the flow rate decreases monotonically with increasing V. A two-dimensional computer simulation has been done and the results agree qualitatively well with the experimental measurements
Esophageal Food Impaction: A Homemade Suction Tube Attached to Esophagogastroduodenoscopy for Food Bolus Removal
The most common esophageal foreign body in adults is impacted food bolus. Polypectomy snares, Dormia baskets, retrieval nets, rat-tooth forceps, alligator forceps or polyp graspers are usually used to remove it. Here, we report the case of a 78-year-old woman whose esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed a firm goose liver impacted tightly in the lower esophagus; all of the above-mentioned retrieval instruments could not remove it. We used a homemade device by attaching a modified nasogastric tube to an EGD and successfully removed the goose liver by suction under endoscopic visualization. The method is very effective to remove firm and tightly impacted materials in a narrow lumen. When the usual retrieval instruments fail, a homemade suction tube attached to an EGD is an alternative
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