Efficacy of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at completion of blinded phase

BACKGROUND At interim analysis in a phase 3, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the mRNA-1273 vaccine showed 94.1% efficacy in preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). After emergency use of the vaccine was authorized, the protocol was amended to include an open-label phase. Final analyses of efficacy and safety data from the blinded phase of the trial are reported. METHODS We enrolled volunteers who were at high risk for Covid-19 or its complications; participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive two intramuscular injections of mRNA-1273 (100 μg) or placebo, 28 days apart, at 99 centers across the United States. The primary end point was prevention of Covid-19 illness with onset at least 14 days after the second injection in participants who had not previously been infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The data cutoff date was March 26, 2021. RESULTS The trial enrolled 30,415 participants; 15,209 were assigned to receive the mRNA-1273 vaccine, and 15,206 to receive placebo. More than 96% of participants received both injections, 2.3% had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline, and the median follow-up was 5.3 months in the blinded phase. Vaccine efficacy in preventing Covid-19 illness was 93.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91.0 to 94.8), with 55 confirmed cases in the mRNA-1273 group (9.6 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, 7.2 to 12.5) and 744 in the placebo group (136.6 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, 127.0 to 146.8). The efficacy in preventing severe disease was 98.2% (95% CI, 92.8 to 99.6), with 2 cases in the mRNA-1273 group and 106 in the placebo group, and the efficacy in preventing asymptomatic infection starting 14 days after the second injection was 63.0% (95% CI, 56.6 to 68.5), with 214 cases in the mRNA-1273 group and 498 in the placebo group. Vaccine efficacy was consistent across ethnic and racial groups, age groups, and participants with coexisting conditions. No safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSIONS The mRNA-1273 vaccine continued to be efficacious in preventing Covid-19 illness and severe disease at more than 5 months, with an acceptable safety profile, and protection against asymptomatic infection was observed

Viabilidade agronômica do consórcio de alface e rúcula, em duas épocas de cultivo Agronomic viability of lettuce-roquette intercropping in two growing periods

Avaliou-se a produtividade de grupos de alface e da rúcula, em consórcio, em relação aos seus cultivos solteiros, na UNESP Jaboticabal, em condições de campo, em duas épocas de cultivo, maio a agosto e setembro a novembro de 2001, sob delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de combinações dos fatores grupos de alface (crespa, cv. Vera; lisa, cv. Elisa e americana, cv. Tainá), sistemas de cultivo (consórcio e cultivo solteiro) e épocas de semeadura da rúcula para o estabelecimento do consórcio [0; 7 e 14 dias após o transplante (DAT) da alface]. As maiores matérias fresca e seca de alface foram obtidas na primavera, com destaque para a alface americana. As alfaces não foram afetadas pelo sistema de cultivo. A maior matéria fresca de rúcula, no outono-inverno, foi obtida em consórcio, a 0 DAT, com as alfaces crespa e lisa e, aos 7 DAT com americana, enquanto na primavera, quando foi consorciada aos 7 DAT com alface crespa e a 0 DAT com alfaces do grupo lisa e americana. A rúcula teve sua matéria seca reduzida nos consórcios estabelecidos tardiamente, aos 14 DAT. Os cultivos consorciados apresentaram-se superiores aos cultivos solteiros entre 5 e 93%, segundo o índice de uso eficiente da terra. Os maiores índices de uso eficiente da terra foram obtidos com os consórcios de rúcula e alface crespa a 0 DAT (1,93), no outono-inverno e pelas mesmas hortaliças aos 7 DAT (1,84), na primavera.<br>The productivity of different lettuce groups and roquette was evaluated when sown in two different periods and cultivated either singly or intercropped. Theses experiments were carried out in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil. The first growing period was from May to August (Autumn-Winter) and the second from September to November (Spring) of 2001. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of the following factors levels: lettuce groups (crisp, cv. Vera; looseleaf, cv. Elisa; and crisphead lettuce, cv. Tainá), cropping systems (intercropping and sole crop) and roquette sowing times [0; 7, and 14 days after lettuce transplantating (DAT)]. The highest fresh and dry matter production were observed for crisphead lettuce in the Spring. The cropping systems did not affect the lettuce groups productivity. The highest roquette fresh matter production was observed in the Autumn-Winter period at 0 DAT, with the crisp and looseleaf lettuce, and at 7 DAT with crisphead lettuce. For the Spring period the highest roquette fresh matter production was observed at 7 DAT with crisp lettuce and at 0 DAT with looseleaf and the crisphead lettuce. Roquette dry matter was reduced in the intercropping at 14 DAT. The intercropping system yielded 5 to 93% more than the single system according to the land equivalent ratio. The highest land equivalent ratio was observed in the roquette-crisp lettuce intercropping at 0 DAT the crisp variety (1.93) in the Autumn-Winter, while the highest ratio was observed at 7 DAT (1.84) in the Spring

Interação entre alface e tomateiro consorciados em ambiente protegido, em diferentes épocas Interaction between lettuce and tomato plants, in intercropping cultivation, established at different times, under protected cultivation

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na UNESP, em Jaboticabal (SP), com o objetivo de avaliar a interação entre alface e tomateiro, em ambiente protegido. Consórcios estabelecidos por transplantes da alface aos 0; 10; 20 e 30 dias após o transplante do tomateiro foram avaliados em dois períodos (abril a setembro/03 e janeiro a maio/04) e comparados às suas monoculturas, também estabelecidas nas mesmas épocas dos consórcios. Cada experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com nove tratamentos. Verificou-se que a produtividade do tomateiro e o percentual de frutos nas classes 50 e 60 não foram influenciados pela alface, independentemente da época em que esta foi transplantada. Por outro lado, a alface produziu menos em consórcio do que em monocultura, e quanto mais atrasado o seu transplante, em relação ao tomateiro, maior foi a redução em sua produtividade.<br>Two experiments were carried out in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil, to evaluate the interaction between lettuce and tomato, in intercropping, in a protected cultivation. Lettuce plants were transplanted into a tomato field at 0; 10; 20, and 30 days after tomato transplantation. These evaluations were performed from April to September 2003 and from January to June 2004. Both, lettuce and tomato crops, were also cultivated in monoculture in order to compare this system and the intercropping one. Each experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments. Both tomato yield and fruit classification into grades were not influenced by lettuce crop independently of the transplantation time. On the other hand, lettuce, when intercropped, yielded lesser than when cultivated in sole crop and the yield decreased with the delaying transplanting date