Strong anisotropic flow in a finely layered asthenosphere

We derive the long wave length equivalents of the constitutive relations for finely stratified fluids as suggested by Saito and Abe [1984]. The results show the transversely isotropic relations characterized by two effective viscosities. One is associated with shear stress applied on the plane parallel to the layering and the other is with normal stress applied perpendicular to the layering. If thin soft layers exist in the low velocity zone, there may be a significant difference in these two viscosities. A simple calculation simulating mantle flow with large apparent anisotropy shows the possible existence of convection having large aspect ratio

Cement generations and diagenetic history of the upper Ordovician Cliefden Caves Limestone Group of New South Wales, Australia

Diagenetic features of the upper Ordovician (Caradocian) Cliefden Caves Limestone Group (N. S. W., Australia) were studied by the cathodoluminescence (CL) method, and their relation with depositional environments was discussed. The Cliefden Caves Limestone Group was deposited on a shallow marine carbonate platform developed on a volcanic island. The limestone succession reveals intertidal-subtidal lithofacies and consists of the Fossil Hill, Belubula, and Vandon Limestones, in ascending order. The Fossil Hill Limestone mostly consists of bedded limestone rich in brachiopods and sedentary organisms. The Belubula Limestone is a typical Middle-Upper Ordovician peritidal succession with syn-depositional dolomite and silicified fossil grains. The Vandon Limestone consists of fossiliferous stratified limestone occasionally containing red brown argillaceous limestone beds. The Cliefden Caves Limestone Group was subjected to various diagenetic processes. The investigation of CL is the best or only method to differentiate the diagenetic products. There are at least three cementation stages and a dissolution stage. The cements of the first stage are mainly dull fine-grained (10-30 µm) calcite crystals fringing inter- and intra-granular porosity, which typically indicate a marine phreatic environment. In some specimens of the Belubula Limestone, cement of the first generation exhibits meniscus fabrics suggesting precipitation in a marine vadose environment. The dissolution formed both molds of aragonitic skeletal grains and fabric-unrelated void spaces which can exceed several cm in diameter. Lack of the first generation cement within the dissolution voids indicates that the dissolution postdated the marine cementation. After the dissolution stage, the second cementation precipitated granular calcite crystals composed of non-luminescence, dull, and bright zones in the peripheral order. The relative thickness of non-luminescence and bright zones probably related with a redox condition during their diagenesis. The last generation of cements formed in a deep burial environment, is normally dull and filled almost all remained porosity. This diagenetic history fits to the change of depositional environment which may have been controlled by both of local and global environmental settings

1994 Multi-site Broadband Seismic Observation at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan

Broadband observation of volcanic earthquakes has been recently conducted at many volcanoes. At the Sakurajima Volcano in Japan, one of the most active volcanoes all over the world, we conducted two broadband seismic observations successfully in last three years. However, they left some problems in terms of the number of observation sites and recording systems. This paper reports the outline of our third observation using three broadband seismometers (Streckeisen STS-II) with continuous recording at the Sakurajima Volcano from February 18 to March 28, 1994. This observation is distinguished from the previous two by the three stations operating continuously over the entire period. Although the Sakurajima Volcano had very low seismic activities during this observation period, we observed some kinds of volcanic earthquake, A-type and B-type earthquakes and volcanic tremors, particularly one series of interesting clone events

Hybrid Textures of Neutrinos

We present numerical and comprehensive analyses of the sixty hybrid textures of neutrinos, which have an equality of matrix elements and one zero. These textures are possibly derived from the discrete symmetry. Only six textures among sixty ones are excluded by the present experimental data. Since there are many textures which give similar predictions, the textures are classified based on the numerical results. The neutrinoless double beta decay is also examined in these textures. Our results suggest that there remain still rich structures of the neutrino mass matrix in the phenomenological point of view.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures; analytical discussions added, table and reference adde

Recurrence of Hypoglycemic Coma in a Patient with Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is occasionally complicated with hypoglycemic coma, which may cause sudden death by unknown mechanisms. We present the case of a 36-year-old woman with recurrent comas and a nineteen-year history of AN. She was found in a coma with remarkable hypoglycemia (28 mg/dL). Her BMI was 11.1 kg/m2. Endocrine workup revealed extremely low serum levels of glucagon, IGF-I and insulin. Asymptomatic hypoglycemia occurred with liver injury in the refeeding process. An aberrant glucose metabolism due to liver damage might have been involved in her susceptibility to hypoglycemia. This case suggests a possible mechanism of hypoglycemic coma in AN

Atomic Bomb Fallout and “Black rain” at Manose District (Hirama-cho) Located Northeast of Nagasaki City

Plutonium atomic bomb (A-bomb) was exploded at 503 meters height above Nagasaki City on August 9, 1945. Many studies on radioactive contamination, radiation dose, effect to people and so on have been conducted until now. Local fallout from the A-bomb mainly spread a lot in the east direction centering on Nishiyama area located about 4 km east of the hypocenter. Like the Hiroshima A-bomb, black rain accompanied by radioactive materials fell shortly after the explosion, but relationship between local fallout fall zone and black rain fall area has not been sufficiently elucidated, which has enhanced the concerns on radiation exposure to the A-bomb survivor. Concerning the black rain due to the Nagasaki A-bomb, it has been said that black rain did not fall across a wide area in a comprehensive way, except for the heavily contaminated Nishiyama area, but fell at various areas with conditions of light rain and/or soaking after the explosion. Among many villages or towns, especially in the Manose District where is a small intermountain village about 7.5 km northeast of the hypocenter, it had always been heard and known that the residents living there encountered black rain and experienced hair loss. In this district, the hair loss of inhabitants occurred actually with high probability, but its reason has not been elucidated well. Therefore, in order to reevaluate the local fallout level in the Manose District by the A-bomb, residual long-lived radionuclides 137Cs and Pu isotopes were measured for soil samples collected at the Manose District including the surrounding areas in July, 2011. As a result, accumulated levels of 137Cs and 239,240Pu in the Manose District were not so high, each being nearly background (BG) level. The dispersion of local fallout Pu from the A-bomb was reconfirmed by 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios measured in soil samples at the same time, and was found to be primarily limited in the east direction, especially around the Nishiyama area. Those results were consistent with results obtained so far. Further researches are needed for understanding scientifically the cause of the high incidence rate of hair loss in this district.This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grants Numbers 23406002 (April 2011-March 2014) and 26257501 (April 2014-March 2018)