12 research outputs found
Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early-life anxiety
Some individuals are endowed with a biology that renders them more reactive to novelty and potential threat. When extreme, this anxious temperament (AT) confers elevated risk for the development of anxiety, depression and substance abuse. These disorders are highly prevalent, debilitating and can be challenging to treat. The high-risk AT phenotype is expressed similarly in children and young monkeys and mechanistic work demonstrates that the central (Ce) nucleus of the amygdala is an important substrate. Although it is widely believed that the flow of information across the structural network connecting the Ce nucleus to other brain regions underlies primates' capacity for flexibly regulating anxiety, the functional architecture of this network has remained poorly understood. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in anesthetized young monkeys and quietly resting children with anxiety disorders to identify an evolutionarily conserved pattern of functional connectivity relevant to early-life anxiety. Across primate species and levels of awareness, reduced functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a region thought to play a central role in the control of cognition and emotion, and the Ce nucleus was associated with increased anxiety assessed outside the scanner. Importantly, high-resolution 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging provided evidence that elevated Ce nucleus metabolism statistically mediates the association between prefrontal-amygdalar connectivity and elevated anxiety. These results provide new clues about the brain network underlying extreme early-life anxiety and set the stage for mechanistic work aimed at developing improved interventions for pediatric anxiety
Electrokinetic micromixing of charged and non-charged samples near nano–microchannel junction
Feasibility of a Smartphone App with Mindfulness Training for Adolescent Smoking Cessation: Craving to Quit (C2Q)-Teen
Effets de l’halothane sur les modifications de la PaCO2, de l’équilibre acido-basique et de la ventilation provoquées par l’hypoxie chez le rat
Development of a fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of neurotransmitters in murine microdialysate
Reclaiming humanity for asylum-seekers - A social work response
This article explores the role of social work with asylum-seekers in the UK and Australia. It raises the questions of the contradictions for the profession in the light of increasingly repressive policies in both countries. Comparing the policies in the two countries, questions are asked about current social work engagement and the potential for an enhanced role