The impact of positive psychological interventions on well-being in healthy elderly people

This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of Positive Psychological Interventions (PPIs) on well-being in healthy older adults. Systematic review of PPIs obtained from three electronic databases (PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science) was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were: that they were positive psychology intervention, included measurement of well-being, participants were aged over 60 years, and the studies were in English. The Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines dimensions of quality control, randomization, comparability, follow-up rate, dropout, blinding assessors are used to rate the quality of studies by two reviewers independently. The RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) for evaluation of PPIs effectiveness was also applied. The final review included eight articles, each describing a positive psychological intervention study. The reminiscence interventions were the most prevalent type of PPIs to promote and maintain well-being in later life. Only two studies were rated as high quality, four were of moderate-quality and two were of low-quality. Overall results indicated that efficacy criteria (89%), reach criteria (85%), adoption criteria (73%), implementation criteria (67%), and maintenance criteria (4%) across a variety of RE-AIM dimensions. Directions for future positive psychological research related to RE-AIM, and implications for decision-making, are described

Criminal Liability for Deaths in Prison Custody: The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007

This article explores a provision of the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007, which has been neglected by criminologists and legal scholars – the application of the legislation to deaths in custody. The article argues that proving the liability of a prison based on the definition of ‘senior management’ in the Act may reflect the problems associated with establishing the guilt of corporate bodies under the common law identification principle and that the ‘senior management’ test may nullify the intent of Section 2(1)(d) and undermine the capacity of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) to convict a prison for an avoidable death in custody

Frailty and resilience:Are they necessarily mutually exclusive?

Frailty is often seen as the absence of resilience. There is evidence to support prevention and intervention strategies for frailty across the range of robust to frail older adults. The role of health psychology in the design and implementation of interventions and the development of understanding that frailty can be addressed even amongst the very old is central to progress in improving quality of life for people at all stages of frailty and also to improving resilience. This chapter reviews the concept of frailty, currently based largely on a physically described syndrome, and examines the role of psychological and social variables in the interaction between frailty and outcomes for the individual. The phenomenon of resilience despite frailty is examined in the context of outcomes of research that suggest that support for developing resilience is needed alongside interventions for frailty