Habitual Physical Activity in Mitochondrial Disease

Mitochondrial disease is the most common neuromuscular disease and has a profound impact upon daily life, disease and longevity. Exercise therapy has been shown to improve mitochondrial function in patients with mitochondrial disease. However, no information exists about the level of habitual physical activity of people with mitochondrial disease and its relationship with clinical phenotype.Habitual physical activity, genotype and clinical presentations were assessed in 100 patients with mitochondrial disease. Comparisons were made with a control group individually matched by age, gender and BMI. = −0.49; 95% CI −0.33, −0.63, P<0.01). There were no systematic differences in physical activity between different genotypes mitochondrial disease.These results demonstrate for the first time that low levels of physical activity are prominent in mitochondrial disease. Combined with a high prevalence of obesity, physical activity may constitute a significant and potentially modifiable risk factor in mitochondrial disease

Novel Therapies in Paediatric NHL

Even though current treatment for paediatric NHL results in excellent outcomes for most children, the burden of therapy and associated morbidities are still significant. In addition, patients with relapsed or refractory disease still have a dismal prognosis with less than 30% of patients achieving a long-term cure. Further intensification of chemotherapy is unlikely to increase cure rates. Novel and targeted therapies that are effective in curing relapsed patients and potentially reduce toxicities in newly diagnosed patients whilst preserving their excellent outcomes are needed. Numerous novel agents approved or in clinical trials for adult NHL are of potential interest for paediatric NHL and will be discussed in this chapter. In addition, the current status of immunotherapy with a focus on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and tumour-associated antigen (TAA) T-cells will be reviewed.</p