11 research outputs found
Classification of confectionary sunflower genotypes based on morphological characters
Knowledge of genetic diversity of confectionary sunflower can have a large impact on its use in breeding programmes. However, levels and distribution of genetic variation within the confectionary sunflower gene pool are still not adequately explored. The aim of the present paper was to describe the diversity of 68 confectionary sunflower genotypes: open-pollinated varieties, lines and hybrids. A total of 32 morphological traits were used for characterization. The Shannon & Weaver diversity index (H) was estimated as a measure of morphological diversity. The mean value of the Shannon index was 0.71, which indicates a high morphological diversity. The lowest diversity was found for leaf descriptors, moderately high to high for seed traits, while the highest values were found for disc flowers and ray florets. The highest individual descriptor diversity was found for: head attitude, the angle of leaf lateral nerves and ray floret disposition. The homogeneity analysis (HOMALS) multivariate reduction technique for nominal categorical data proved to be an efficient method for a comprehensive overview of genotype diversity and group homogeneity. Besides diversity, the number of categories and uniformity of genotype distribution determines discriminative power of descriptors. Traits that contributed the most to the distinction of genotypes were identified, enabling differentiation of genotypes with similar phenotypic attributes. The highest discriminative power was observed in traits such as anthocyanin colouration of stigma (DFIA), seed colour of stripes and seed main colour. The genotypes tested formed two distinctive major groups of varieties and hybrids with inbred lines widely dispersed along both axes. A separate grouping was obtained per the most discriminative traits based on HOMALS analysis, while the best separation was obtained using DFIA. Isolated genotypes that may not be representative by yield or seed-specific traits can be useful sources of traits for breeding. Morphological characterization can be used to improve description and classification of confectionary sunflower germplasm when evaluating diversity
Uporedno ispitivanje iskorišćenja hladno presovanog ulja semena uljanih i konzumnih hibrida suncokreta
Suncokret predstavlja jednu od pet najznačajnijih uljarica na svetu. U Srbiji suncokret predstavlja najčešće korišćenu sirovinu za dobijanje ulja. Godinama je rađeno na oplemenjivanju suncokreta u pravcu povećanja prinosa ulja, te su stvarani hibridi suncokreta sa i preko 50% ulja u semenu
Tocopherol composition in cold-pressed oil of Serbian confectionary sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseeds crop among the four major
oilseeds crop cultivated in the world viz., soybean, brassica, sunflower and groundnut. Two
types of sunflower are grown viz., gil seed purpose and non- oil seed sunflower for
commercial market. Non-oilseed sunflower is known as confectionery sunflower and their
seed generally is larger than that of the oilseed types and has a lower oil percentage with
high protein and sugar content. Vegetable oils are significant sources of antioxidants in
human nutrition. Natural antioxidants present in oils have obtained substantial attention
because of their health and nutritional effects. Plants produce of antioxidant compounds
such as tocopherols and tocotrienols to prevent oxidation of the susceptible substrate.
Antioxidant properties the tocopherols content of oils can give human health benefits like
modulating cancer, cardiovascular diseases and a protective effect by lowering LDL
cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. Over the last few years, increased interest
for natural antioxidant in cold-pressed plant oils has been observed since they have better
nutritive properties in comparation to refined ones. The aim of this study was to investigate
tocopherols composition (a-, B-, y- tocopherols) in selected 10 cold-pressed sunflower oils
obtained from confectionary sunflower hybrids cultivated in Serbia (2017 harvest).
Quantification of tocopherols was carried out using high performance liquid
chromatographyon a column Nucleosil 100-5 NHz with fluorescence detection (Acx=280 nm,
hem=340 nm). The mobile phase was n-hexane/ethyl acetate (70/30, v/v) with a flow rate of
1 ml/min. Total tocopherols content in cold-pressed sunflower oils ranged from 413.13
mg/kg in NS-H-6791 hybrid to 720.99 mg/kg in NS-H-6488 hybrid. Major vitamers for those
tested hybrids was a- tocopherol. The results have shown that there were significant
differences in tocopherols composition and content among the hybrids, indicating the great
genetic potential for improvement
Optimizacija postupka ekstrakcije polifenola iz pogače konzumnog suncokreta
Seme suncokreta se odavnina koristi u Ijudskoj ishrani i u danaSnje vreme predstavlja jednu
od najvise gajenih uljanih kultura u svetu. Razlikuju se dva tipa suncokreta koji se gaje, uljani
tip | konzumni tip. Uljani tip suncokreta se proizvodi za dobijanje jestivog biljnog ulja, dok
se konzumni suncokret odlikuje manjim sadrzajem ulja i visokim sadrzajem proteina i drugih
bioloski aktivnih jedinjenja, i koristi se preteZno za lIjudsku ishranu usled visoke hranljive
vrednosti. U poslednje vreme, mogucnost proizvodnje ulja od konzumnog suncokreta je
predmet interesovanja kako u nauénim krugovima, tako i u krugovima proizvodaga i
preradivaéa. Ulja iz konzumnog suncokreta dobijaju se cedenjem, tj. primenom mehanickih
presa i delovanjem sile na seme. Nerafinisano, hladno cedeno ulje poseduje karakteristi€na
senzorna svojstva i sadrzi ocuvane bioaktivne komponente koje poti€u iz semena
suncokreta. Usled odsustva rafinacije, ova ulja su specificna po svom izgledu, boji, mirisu i
ukusu, hemijskom sastavu, nutritivnoj vrednosti i odrzivosti. Nakon mehanickog izdvajanja
ulja presovanjem semena zaostaje pogaca koja prakti¢no predstavija otpad iz prehrambene
industrije i najéeée se koristi za ishranu Zivotinja. Pored visokog sadrzaja proteina, pogaca
sadrizi znaéajne koliéine biologki aktivnih jedinjenja, te moze predstavijati polaznu sirovinu
za dobijanje ekstrakata koji sadrze visoko vredna jedinjenja i koji bi dalje mogli da se koriste
za obogacivanje prehrambenih proizvoda ili kao dodaci u farmaceutskim proizvodima.
Polifenoli, pored ostalih vaznih jedinjenja, predstavijaju veoma znacajnu grupu supstanci
koje se nalaze u konzumnom suncokretu. Unosenje ove vrste jedinjenja hranom ima
visestruke efekte na |judsko zdravije, prvenstveno povezanih sa njihovom izrazenom
antioksidativnom aktivnoscu i sposobnosti eliminacije slobodnih radikala. Konzumacija
hrane bogate antioksidantima smanjuje inflamaciju i nivo oksidativnog stresa kod €oveka.??
Takode oni pozitivno uti€u na celokupan kardiovaskularni sistem i proces starenja.
Istrazivanja su potvrdila pozitivnu ulogu polifenolnih jedinjenja u prevenciji razvoja raka,
kardiovaskularnih bolesti, dijabetesa, osteoporoze i neurodegenerativnih bolesti.? $
obzirom na pozitivno dejstvo na zdravije ljudi, otuda i veliko interesovanje za proucavanje
ovih prirodnih jedinjenja, kao i ispitivanje njihovih novih potencijalnih izvora unosa.
Za ekstrakciju polifenola iz razlicitih biljnih materijala mogu se koristiti razli¢ite tehnike
ekstrakcije. Uobiéajeni postupci ekstrakcije su nedovoljno efikasni i ne omogucavaju visoko
iskoriscenje biljnog materijala, zahtevaju upotrebu zna¢ajno vecih kolicina organiskih
rastvaraca, uz istovremeni veliki utroSak energije usled dugotrajnih procesa ekstrakcije,
neophodnosti zagrevanje i mesanja. U poslednje vreme se mnogo cesce koriste moderne
tehnike kao Sto su mikrotalasna i ultrazvuéna ekstrakcija koje se ubrajaju u metode ,,zelene
ekstrakcije“ i imaju za cilj zastitu Zivotne sredine i opsteg zdravlja Ijudi. Generalno, koncept
zelenih tehnika podrazumeva smanjenje ili eliminaciju primene toksi¢nih rastvaraca za
ekstrakciju uz istovremeno povecanje iskoriscenja procesa kroz manji utrosak energije,
manje generisanje otpada, kra¢e vreme trajanja procesa i manje angazovanje operatera
Sunflower seed cake as a potential bioresource for isolation of flavonoids
Sunflower seed cake is remaining after isolation of oil from sunflower seeds and practically
represents a waste from production of cold pressed sunflower oils. This waste product is
consider as a viable potential source of various natural compounds and can be exploited for
the production of new products and isolation of valuable substances such as biologically
active compounds and nutraceuticals. In addition, isolation of biologically active substances
from food waste represents the way for recycling and may be economically attractive as well.
Flavonoids represent a group of polyphenol compounds with a high antioxidant power. These
phytochemicals are known to reduce many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases,
heart diseases, diabetes, obesity and certain cancer [1]. In this work we investigated the
flavonoids content in seven sunflower seed cakes coming from cold pressed oil production.
Flavonoids are extracted by using 80% ethanol and ultrasound-assisted extraction at 30°C for
10 minutes. Total flavonoid content is determined by a colorimetric method [2]. The results
showed that sunflower seed cakes contained significant amounts of total flavonoids. The total
flavonoids content is found to be in the range from 12.3 to 24.6 mg of catechin equivalent/g.
The results proved that sunflower seed cakes obtained from cold pressed oil production
represent valuable by-product and can be used as a raw material for isolation of bioactive
flavonoids which could be further applied for development of various functional foods
Modelling root water uptake under deficit irrigation and rewetting in Northwest China
The spatial and temporal distribution of root water uptake (RWU) under deficit irrigation are critical factors for crop growth. The SWAP (soil–water–atmosphere–plant) model was applied to analyze the pattern of RWU for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under three irrigation levels: no water deficit (100% evapotranspiration [ET]), moderate water deficit (80% ET) and severe water deficit (60% ET). The 2–yr experiments indicated that SWAP was highly accurate (mean relative error [MRE] 3 cm−3) in simulating the soil water content (SWC). Root water uptake was significantly (P 3 cm−3 d−1. The critical SWC was 67.9% of the field capacity, when the RWU dropped to 95% of the control treatment. After rewetting, compensation and hysteresis effects on RWU were observed. The ranking of RWU recovery ability after rewetting was: emergence to jointing > jointing to heading > grain filling to maturity > heading to grain filling. Recovery time of RWU was 2 to 11 d and gradually increased with growth stage. The simplified RWU model established using path analysis and regression performed well (R2 = 0.836; P < 0.01) for RWU. This provided a more convenient way to accurately estimate RWU with fewer variables.</p