Predicting Protests by Disadvantaged Skilled Immigrants: A Test of an Integrated Social Identity, Relative Deprivation, Collective Efficacy (SIRDE) Model

In Canada, skilled immigrants with foreign credentials tend to experience difficulty in obtaining a suitable job in their chosen profession. This is because employers do not recognize the full value of such qualifications. We used structural equation modeling to test a social identity, relative deprivation, collective efficacy model in a prospective study of a sample of skilled immigrants (N = 234) disadvantaged by this “credentialing” problem. In this model, variables measured at time 1 successfully predicted participation in protest actions during the following 4 months, measured at time 2. First, we conceptualized the affective component of collective relative deprivation (CRD) as (i) the perception of discrimination by the majority group and (ii) the emotional reaction of anger, resentment and frustration in response to that discrimination. The results suggested that the latter positively influenced participation in protest actions but, unexpectedly, the former had the opposite effect. Second, the evidence suggested that respondents’ identification with Canada, but not their cultural group, indirectly influenced such participation through collective efficacy and the two components of affective CRD. Third, the novel hypothesis that status insecurity mediates the relationship between cognitive CRD and the two components of affective CRD was supported. Finally, the results suggest that collective efficacy was a strong and direct determinant of participation in protest actions. The implications of these results for the development of an integrated social psychological theory that can predict participation in political protests are discussed

Intergroup Emotions: More than the Sum of the Parts

In this chapter we make the case that recent research on intergroup emotions enriches both the intergroup relations and emotions domains in a way that is more than the sum of its parts. Focusing on research from our own lab’ we illustrate our argument with evidence for the heuristic value of a group emotions approach to prejudice and discrimination, and to social action and social change on the part of disadvantaged groups. In terms of prejudice and discrimination, a group emotion based analysis helps us to understand the specificity and also extreme forms that (emotional) prejudice can take. We focus on the particularly powerful combination of anger and fear, and the explicitly malicious emotion of intergroup schadenfreude. As well as helping to explain examples of negative intergroup behavior, group emotions can also help to explain social change resulting from group inequalities. We review work from a dual path model of collective action and social change that incorporates efficacy and emotions-focused coping routes to social change. Overall, there is strong evidence that group emotions are functional (if not always prosocial) in regulating behavior at the group level by validating shared experience in the group that becomes a launch-pad for action

A systematic review of the extent and measurement of healthcare provider racism

BackgroundAlthough considered a key driver of racial disparities in healthcare, relatively little is known about the extent of interpersonal racism perpetrated by healthcare providers, nor is there a good understanding of how best to measure such racism.ObjectivesThis paper reviews worldwide evidence (from 1995 onwards) for racism among healthcare providers; as well as comparing existing measurement approaches to emerging best practice, it focuses on the assessment of interpersonal racism, rather than internalized or systemic/institutional racism.MethodsThe following databases and electronic journal collections were searched for articles published between 1995 and 2012: Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts. Included studies were published empirical studies of any design measuring and/or reporting on healthcare provider racism in the English language. Data on study design and objectives; method of measurement, constructs measured, type of tool; study population and healthcare setting; country and language of study; and study outcomes were extracted from each study.ResultsThe 37 studies included in this review were almost solely conducted in the U.S. and with physicians. Statistically significant evidence of racist beliefs, emotions or practices among healthcare providers in relation to minority groups was evident in 26 of these studies. Although a number of measurement approaches were utilized, a limited range of constructs was assessed.ConclusionDespite burgeoning interest in racism as a contributor to racial disparities in healthcare, we still know little about the extent of healthcare provider racism or how best to measure it. Studies using more sophisticated approaches to assess healthcare provider racism are required to inform interventions aimed at reducing racial disparities in health