Evolution of the Concept of “Abusive Language” and Its Contextual Shifts

要旨 　「悪口」という語彙を語るとき，『御成敗式目』に「悪口」を禁じる条文が存在し，従来これが現代の⽛悪口⽜に対する感覚では理解できにくい問題として取り上げられてきた。本稿では，こうした「悪口」という語彙の初期から現代までの史上における意義上の変遷を見ていく中で，他の語彙の干渉や関連語彙の勃興衰退の経緯に鑑みながら，「悪口」という概念が変化していくダイナミズムを明らかにする。Abstract 　When exploring the term “abusive language,” previous studies have mentioned that the Goseibai Shikimoku (Formulary of Adjudications) contained provisions prohibiting abusive language, and highlighted the challenge of understanding these provisions within the modern sense of “abusive language.” This paper looks at the historical evolution of the term “abusive language” from its initial appearance to the present day, shedding light on the dynamism of the concept of abusive language as it changes. It also examines the interference with other terms and the history of the rise and fall of related vocabulary.departmental bulletin pape

Association between Toe Pressure Strength in the Standing Position and Maximum Walking Speed in Older Adults

Background Considering concerns about conventional toe grip strength, we devised a method to measure toe pressure strength in the standing position, which is close to the actual motion. This study examined the association between toe pressure strength in the standing position and walking speed among older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study included 150 community-dwelling older adults (81±8 years, 73% female) who participated in the physical fitness test. We analyzed the correlation between the participants’ maximum walking speed and physical function. Furthermore, we performed regression analysis with the maximum walking speed as the dependent variable to examine the association with toe pressure strength in the standing position. We also examined the association between maximum walking speed and toe pressure strength in the standing position by introducing a covariate. Results Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between maximum walking speed and toe pressure strength in the standing position, with a moderate effect size (r=0.48, p<0.001). Moreover, multiple regression analysis with covariates showed an association between maximum walking speed and toe pressure strength in the standing position (standardization factor=0.13, p<0.026). Conclusion Toe pressure strength in the standing position was associated with maximum walking speed. This finding clarifies the significance of assessing toe pressure strength in the standing position and suggests that enhanced toe pressure strength in the standing position may increase maximum walking speed

討論

シンポジウム : 20世紀東アジアの立憲制―辛亥革命と大正政

Highly Efficient Multi Channel Packet Forwarding with Round Robin Intermittent Periodic Transmit for Multihop Wireless Backhaul Networks

Round Robin based Intermittent Periodic Transmit (RR-IPT) has been proposed which achieves highly efficient multi-hop relays in multi-hop wireless backhaul networks (MWBN) where relay nodes are 2-dimensionally deployed. This paper newly investigates multi-channel packet scheduling and forwarding scheme for RR-IPT. Downlink traffic is forwarded by RR-IPT via one of the channels, while uplink traffic and part of downlink are accommodated in the other channel. By comparing IPT and carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) for uplink/downlink packet forwarding channel, IPT is more effective in reducing packet loss rate whereas CSMA/CA is better in terms of system throughput and packet delay improvement

カラードップラー超音波が有効であった外傷後に生じた動脈性持続勃起症の1例

19歳男.仕事中に会陰部を強打, その後より持続する陰茎勃起が出現するため受診.カラードップラーにて右陰茎海綿体脚部に血液のleakと思われるcavityを認め, high-flow typeの外傷性priapismと診断した.両側内陰部動脈造影を施行したところ, 右海綿体動脈の一部に造影剤の溢流像を認めたため, 自己血凝血塊を用いた動脈塞栓術を施行した.しかし治療2週間後より再び持続性勃起を認めるようになり, カラードップラーで前回と同じ部位にcavityの再発を認めたため, 自己血凝血塊よりも更に吸収時間の長いgelatin spongeを用いて再度, 動脈塞栓術を施行した.その後は再発を認めることなく経過している.本症の診断と治療後の経過観察において, カラードップラーは侵襲もなく容易に行うことができるため, 有用であるThe patient was a 19-year-old man who was examined due to persistent penile erection, which appeared following a blow to the perineal region during work. Color Doppler ultrasonography of the corpora cavernosa revealed a cavity in one part of the cavernous artery that suggested a blood leak, and a diagnosis of high flow type priapism due to trauma was made. Bilateral internal pudendal arteriography demonstrated dilation and extravasation in one part of the right cavernous artery, then transarterial embolization was performed superselectively in the right cavernous artery using an autologous clot. However, 2 weeks after treatment, slight penile erection reoccurred. Color Doppler ultrasonography revealed reformation of the cavity at the treated lesion, and embolization was again performed using a gelatin sponge. Following embolization, the course proceeded satisfactorily without any relapse. Color Doppler ultrasonography, which is non-invasive and can be easily performed, is considered to be an effective means for diagnosis and follow up of arterial high flow priapism

Monoclonal antibodies localize the exchangeable GTP-binding site in β- and not α-tubulins

AbstractA combination of several methods was used to localize the exchangeable GTP-binding site in the α-/β-tubulin heterodimer: (i) direct photoaffinity labeling with [α-32P]GTP, (ii) specific labeling of α- and β-tubulin by tyrosylation and phosphorylation, respectively, and (iii) immunoprecipitation with specific monoclonal antibodies. Direct evidence was obtained that GTP binds exclusively to β- and not α-tubulins

Torsional Vibration Tests of Extruded Polystyrene with Improved Accuracy in Determining the Shear Modulus

Recently, extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam has been used as a component of construction materials; therefore, it is important to characterize its mechanical properties, including shear modulus. Despite the importance, it is often difficult to determine the shear modulus accurately by using many of the conventional methods; therefore, it is desirable to establish another method to measure the shear modulus with a high accuracy. Among various methods, torsional vibration test is advantageous because it can be performed easily under the pure shear stress condition in the test sample and both the in-plane and out-of-plane shear moduli can be obtained. However, it is difficult to find any examples performing the torsional vibration tests. In this study, the in-plane and out-of-plane shear moduli of XPS were determined through torsional vibration tests using samples of various widths. In addition, the shear moduli were also determined through flexural vibration tests and compared with those obtained from the torsional vibration tests. In the torsional vibration tests, the anisotropy in these shear moduli became an obstacle, and the in-plane shear modulus determined using a single sample was often dependent on the width/thickness ratio of the sample. In this condition, the coefficient of variation of the in-plane shear modulus value was often close to 10%. However, when using data obtained from the samples with various width/thickness ratios, both the in-plane and out-of-plane shear moduli could be obtained while reducing the abovementioned dependence. Additionally, the coefficients of variation were restricted to those below 2% and 7% for the in-plane and out-of-plane shear moduli, respectively, and these values were obviously lower than those obtained from the flexural vibration tests (approximately 20%). In the proposed method, both the in-plane and out-of-plane shear moduli can be obtained accurately without using any numerical analyses, which are often required in the standardized methods to improve the accuracy. Thus, for accurate measurement of both types of shear moduli of XPS, we recommend performing torsional vibration tests using a range of samples of various width/thickness ratios